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Olive oil is mostly composed of the monounsaturated fatty acid omega\u20109. We showed omega\u20109 protects septic mice modulating lipid metabolism. Sepsis is initiated by the host response to infection with organ damage, increased plasma free fatty acids, high levels of cortisol, massive cytokine production, leukocyte activation, and endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to analyze the effect of omega\u20109 supplementation on corticosteroid unbalance, inflammation, bacterial elimination, and peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor (PPAR) gamma expression, an omega\u20109 receptor and inflammatory modulator. We treated mice for 14 days with omega\u20109 and induced sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We measured systemic corticosterone levels, cytokine production, leukocyte and bacterial counts in the peritoneum, and the expression of PPAR gamma in both liver and adipose tissues during experimental sepsis. We further studied omega\u20109 effects on leukocyte rolling in mouse cremaster muscle\u2010inflamed postcapillary venules and in the cerebral microcirculation of septic mice. Here, we demonstrate that omega\u20109 treatment is associated with increased levels of the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine IL\u201010 and decreased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> in peritoneal lavage fluid of mice with sepsis. Omega\u20109 treatment also decreased systemic corticosterone levels. Neutrophil migration from circulation to the peritoneal cavity and leukocyte rolling on the endothelium were decreased by omega\u20109 treatment. Omega\u20109 also decreased bacterial load in the peritoneal lavage and restored liver and adipose tissue PPAR gamma expression in septic animals. Our data suggest a beneficial anti\u2010inflammatory role of omega\u20109 in sepsis, mitigating leukocyte rolling and leukocyte influx, balancing cytokine production, and controlling bacterial growth possibly through a PPAR gamma expression\u2010dependent mechanism. The significant reduction of inflammation detected after omega\u20109 enteral injection can further contribute to the already known beneficial properties facilitated by unsaturated fatty acid\u2010enriched diets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6053492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T23:38:06Z","timestamp":1542152286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Omega\u20109 Oleic Acid, the Main Compound of Olive Oil, Mitigates Inflammation during Experimental Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Isabel Matos","family":"Medeiros-de-Moraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassiano Felippe","family":"Gon\u00e7alves-de-Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela R. 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