{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T01:58:44Z","timestamp":1772935124694,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002631","name":"Gachon University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GCU 2017-0211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU 2017-0211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002631","name":"Gachon University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GCU 2017-5274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU 2017-5274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002631","name":"Gachon University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GCU 2017-0211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU 2017-0211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002631","name":"Gachon University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GCU 2017-5274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU 2017-5274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Existing drusen measurement is difficult to use in clinic because it requires a lot of time and effort for visual inspection. In order to resolve this problem, we propose an automatic drusen detection method to help clinical diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration. First, we changed the fundus image to a green channel and extracted the ROI of the macular area based on the optic disk. Next, we detected the candidate group using the difference image of the median filter within the ROI. We also segmented vessels and removed them from the image. Finally, we detected the drusen through Renyi\u2019s entropy threshold algorithm. We performed comparisons and statistical analysis between the manual detection results and automatic detection results for 30 cases in order to verify validity. As a result, the average sensitivity was 93.37% (80.95%~100%) and the average DSC was 0.73 (0.3~0.98). In addition, the value of the ICC was 0.984 (CI: 0.967~0.993, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), showing the high reliability of the proposed automatic method. We expect that the automatic drusen detection helps clinicians to improve the diagnostic performance in the detection of drusen on fundus image.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6084798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T19:31:43Z","timestamp":1520883103000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Automated Segmentation Methods of Drusen to Diagnose Age-Related Macular Degeneration Screening in Retinal Images"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0443-0051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-6038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kwang Gi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.564","volume":"122","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(01)00754-0"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.9014"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-308422"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13011"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.08.039"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11091710"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001010"},{"key":"9","first-page":"347","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering"},{"key":"10","first-page":"120","volume":"28","year":"2016","journal-title":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1361-8415(02)00093-2"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.03.009"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00065-9"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2003.10.008"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39899-8_76"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2008.02.008"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2018\/6084798.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2018\/6084798.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2018\/6084798.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T19:31:52Z","timestamp":1520883112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2018\/6084798\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["6084798","6084798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/6084798","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-670X","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-6718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}