{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:24:20Z","timestamp":1762507460829,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":190,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004000","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Program key projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016B090918031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016B090918031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSC-201706A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSC-201706A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008326","name":"Guangdong University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To solve the problems of poor performance of traditional spectrum sensing method under low signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio, a new spectrum sensing method based on Empirical Mode Decomposition algorithm and K\u2010means clustering algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the Empirical Mode Decomposition algorithm and the wavelet threshold algorithm are used to remove the noise components in the spectrum sensing signal, and K\u2010means clustering algorithm is used to determine whether the primary user exists. The method can remove the redundant components such as noise in the nonstationary or nonlinear sampling signal in the real environment and does not need to know the prior information such as signal, channel, and noise, so it can well handle the complicated sensing signal in real environment. This method can reduce the impact of noise on the spectrum sensing system and thus can improve the sensing performance of the system. In the experimental part, the difference between maximum and minimum eigenvalues and the difference between the maximum eigenvalue and the average energy in the random matrix are selected as signal features. Experiments also show that the proposed method is better than the traditional spectrum sensing methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6104502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T23:35:14Z","timestamp":1531265714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Spectrum Sensing Method Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and K\u2010Means Clustering Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0051-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pin","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunchao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2007.914882"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2009.06.070402"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChenG. LiY. XiaoL. andHuangL. Collaborative anti-jamming broadcast with uncoordinated frequency hopping over USRP Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring) May 2015 Glasgow United Kingdom 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VTCSpring.2015.7145749.","key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2015.7145749"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChenT. LiuJ. XiaoL. andHuangL. Anti-jamming transmissions with learning in heterogenous cognitive radio networks Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops WCNCW 2015 March 2015 293\u2013298 2-s2.0-84938769422.","key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNCW.2015.7122570"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2017.2687918"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2659418"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1146.2009.01434"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZengY.andLiangY. Maximum-minimum eigenvalue detection for cognitive radio Proceedings of the 18th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC \u203207) September 2007 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PIMRC.2007.4394211 2-s2.0-44349111207.","key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2007.4394211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","article-title":"Spectrum sensing method based on ME-S-ED","author":"Liu N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Measurement & Control Technology"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2895680"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KumarV. KandpalD. C. JainM. GangopadhyayR. andDebnathS. K-mean clustering based cooperative spectrum sensing in generalizedk-Fading channels Proceedings of the 22nd National Conference on Communication (NCC \u203216) March 2016 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NCC.2016.7561130 2-s2.0-84988878671.","key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","DOI":"10.1109\/NCC.2016.7561130"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"XueH.andGaoF. A machine learning based spectrum-sensing algorithm using sample covariance matrix Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Communications and Networking in China CHINACOM 2015 August 2015 476\u2013480 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CHINACOM.2015.7497987 2-s2.0-84980385964.","key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","DOI":"10.1109\/CHINACOM.2015.7497987"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2013.131120"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2011.2161938"},{"unstructured":"WangY. Research on Spectrum Sensing and Spectrum Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks [Doctoral thesis] 2016 Post Doctoral Research Report of South China University of Technology.","key":"e_1_2_8_15_2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhangW. YuF. andGuoH.-M. Improved adaptive wavelet threshold for image denoising Proceedings of the 2009 Chinese Control and Decision Conference CCDC 2009 June 2009 5958\u20135963 2-s2.0-70449429391.","key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC.2009.5195268"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2007.891064"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HanQ. ZhangZ. WangD. LiuL. andHouX. An OTDR event analysis algorithm based on EMD-based denoising and wavelet transform Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments ICEMI 2015 July 2015 1034\u20131038 2-s2.0-84978252399.","key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEMI.2015.7494379"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YanY.andCuiZ. Noise and zero excursion elimination of electrostatic detection signals based on EMD and wavelet transform Proceedings of the 2009 2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing CISP\u203209 October 2009 2-s2.0-73849125073.","key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","DOI":"10.1109\/CISP.2009.5304941"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","article-title":"A de-noising method for laser ultrasonic signal based on EMD","author":"Sun F W.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Shandong University"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","DOI":"10.1109\/tim.2007.907967"}],"container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/6104502.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/6104502.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2018\/6104502","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T17:54:24Z","timestamp":1751738064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2018\/6104502"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Donatella","family":"Darsena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2018\/6104502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/6104502","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-8669"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1530-8677"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6104502"}}