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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (PPAR-)<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>plays critical roles in human metabolic disorders and has recently been implicated as a regulator of cellular proliferation and inflammatory responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which express high levels of PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>protein, have the ability to maintain immune tolerance to self-antigens and regulate immune response to<jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>infection. However, mechanisms involved in the resolution of these responses are elusive.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Liver and spleen tissue samples in<jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>-infected mice after administration of pioglitazone (a PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>agonist) were collected. The hepatic and splenic pathologies were detected by H&amp;E and Masson staining. The percentages of Th1\/2 and Treg cells in the liver and spleen of each mouse were determined using flow cytometry. Levels of gene expression of PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>and Foxp3 in tissues or cells were determined using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Macrophages were treated with pioglitazone<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>or cocultured with normal purified CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells for detecting Treg cells by flow cytometry. The interactions of PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>with Foxp3 in CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells were detected by coimmunoprecipitation.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Administration of pioglitazone resulted in the prevention of the development of hepatic and splenic pathologies. Activation of PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>by pioglitazone resulted in increased percentages of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells and decreased percentages of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IL-4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells in the liver and spleen of<jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>-infected mice. In addition, the PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>agonist can induce Treg cells<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>directly or by modulating the macrophage\u2019s function indirectly. Furthermore, through interaction with Foxp3 in CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells, the PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>agonist can promote the expression of Foxp3; however, the inhibitor of PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>weakened the expression of Foxp3 by modifying the coexpression of Foxp3 and PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Our study reveals a previously unrecognized role for PPAR-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\/Foxp3 signaling in regulating the immunopathology that occurs during<jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>infection through induction of Treg cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6398078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T11:59:27Z","timestamp":1531915167000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["PPAR-<i>\u03b3<\/i>Agonist Alleviates Liver and Spleen Pathology via Inducing Treg Cells during<i>Schistosoma japonicum<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China"},{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, 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