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Correct diagnosis of Q fever is challenging and developing a fast, simple, and reliable detection method is necessary. In this study, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay combined with lateral flow (LF) test was developed targeting 23S rRNA gene of<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>Xinqiao strain. Primers and probe were designed and synthesized, with one set with high amplification efficiency screened for establishment of the method. Reaction conditions were optimized. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were evaluated. The established RPA-LF reaction could be completed in 30 minutes by combining RPA at 37\u00b0C with LF at room temperature, with visually judged results. The method showed good specificity without recognizing other bacteria evaluated. It detected positive plasmid and genomic DNA at levels of 10 copies\/reaction and 7 copies\/reaction, respectively, levels comparable to that of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) targeting 23S rRNA gene established previously. Both RPA-LF and RT-qPCR were used to detect<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>-infected mouse samples and the results were fully consistent. The method showed superior detection performance and will provide technical support against<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>in resources-limited areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6417354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]],"date-time":"2018-04-12T23:35:48Z","timestamp":1523576148000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Rapid and Visual Detection of<i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Strips"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6186-9023","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 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