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Recent studies show that <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>3\u2010adrenergic receptor (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>3\u2010AR) is involved in tumor progression, playing an important role in metastasis. Among <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010adrenergic receptors, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>3\u2010AR is the last identified member of this family, and it is involved in cancer cell survival and induction of stromal reactivity in the tumor microenvironment. <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>3\u2010AR is well known as a strong activator of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown fat tissue. Interestingly, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>3\u2010AR is strongly expressed in early embryo development and in many cancer tissues. Induction of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has been related to cancer metabolic switch, leading to accelerated glycolysis and reduced mitochondrial activity. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate that <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>3\u2010AR is able to promote this metabolic shift in both cancer and embryonic stem cells, inducing specific glycolytic cytoplasmic enzymes and a sort of mitochondrial dormancy through the induction of UCP2. The <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>3\u2010AR\/UCP2 axis induces a strong reduction of mitochondrial activity by reducing ATP synthesis and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) content. These effects are reverted by SR59230A, the specific <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>3\u2010AR antagonist, causing an increase in mtROS. The increased level of mtROS is neutralized by a strong antioxidant activity in embryonic stem cells, but not in cancer stem cells, where it causes a dramatic reduction in tumor cell viability. These results lead to the possibility of a selective antitumor therapeutic use of SR59230A. Notably, we demonstrate the presence of <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>3\u2010AR within the mitochondrial membrane in both cell lines, leading to the control of mitochondrial dormancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6816508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T23:43:39Z","timestamp":1542152619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["<i>\u03b2<\/i>3\u2010Adrenoreceptors Control Mitochondrial Dormancy in Melanoma and Embryonic Stem 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