{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:15:53Z","timestamp":1762542953685,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,28]],"date-time":"2018-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Parasitic infections such as <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> and HIV have been reported to coexist, particularly in resource-limited settings such as India. In an immunocompromised host, <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> can progress to strongyloidiasis hyperinfection syndrome (SHS). However, SHS is not common in patients with advanced HIV disease. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) developing after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can target multiple pathogens including <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic>. The authors present here a 46-year-old HIV-infected female who was recently diagnosed with HIV-1 infection, started ART, and developed SHS. Her upper GI endoscopy revealed severe gastroduodenitis, and X-ray chest showed extensive bilateral pneumonitis. We could identify <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> in induced sputum and duodenal biopsy. We could also identify gut inflammation to restrict invading parasites. After receiving antihelminthic therapy, she showed improvement, a course of events that fit the diagnosis of unmasking <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> IRIS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6870768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,28]],"date-time":"2018-10-28T19:31:13Z","timestamp":1540755073000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Strongyloidosis Hyperinfection Syndrome in an HIV-Infected Patient: A Rare Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Kartik","family":"Natrajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahenderkumar","family":"Medisetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raviraj","family":"Gawali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajit","family":"Tambolkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Poona Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Thorat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Poona Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, 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