{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:22:01Z","timestamp":1784607721239,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540252800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81700870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81700870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201540366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201540366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007279","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81700870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81700870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007279","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201540366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201540366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. To investigate the change in corneal toricity and associated refractive astigmatism after discontinuation of long-term orthokeratology (ortho-k) lens wear. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. This study investigated 136 subjects aged between 6 and 14 (9.1 \u00b1 1.5) years old at the commencement of ortho-k treatment, who had been undergoing overnight ortho-k treatment for 24 to 72 (37.4 \u00b1 11.9) months. Corneal refractive power and manifest refraction were measured and compared before ortho-k and 1 month after discontinuation of ortho-k lens wear. Changes in corneal curvature were analyzed. Corneal curvature data from a historical longitudinal study were used as control. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Compared to pre-ortho-k values, the corneal curvature became significantly flatter in the flatter meridian (\u22120.22 \u00b1 0.27 D, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and steeper in the steeper meridian (0.06 \u00b1 0.34 D, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.032<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) after cessation of ortho-k lens wear, resulting in a significant increase in corneal toricity (0.28 \u00b1 0.43 D, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), which is associated with an increase in refractive astigmatism (0.57 \u00b1 0.57 D, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.465<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). The amount of residual corneal flattening in the flatter meridian is significantly affected by the length of ortho-k treatment (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2.965<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.004<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and the baseline age of subject (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2.841<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.005<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), but not by the baseline spherical or cylindrical refractive error (both <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). In the historical control group, there is no significant change in the corneal curvature over two years in children wearing spectacle lenses (both meridians, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Change of corneal toricity was more significant in the ortho-k group than in the spectacle control group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Long-term ortho-k lens wear increases corneal toricity after discontinuation of the treatment, which is associated with an increase in refractive astigmatism. A more pronounced change in corneal toricity was found in subjects who were younger to start ortho-k and have been in a longer period of treatment. This trial is registered with <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/hvshowproject.aspx?id=532\">http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR-TNRC-11001210<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7106028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T21:25:25Z","timestamp":1540329925000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Increased Corneal Toricity after Long-Term Orthokeratology Lens Wear"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Zhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3465-1579","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingtao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2393-5840","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 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