{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:27:27Z","timestamp":1792294047861,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,19]],"date-time":"2018-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534636800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The control of infectious diseases is badly endangered by the rise in the number of microorganisms that are resistant to antimicrobial agents. This is because infections caused by resistant microorganisms often fail to respond to conventional treatment, resulting in prolonged illness and greater risk of death. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are also present in various water sources. This study therefore sought to document the microbiological quality and antibiograms of bacterial isolates (\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains) from six different water sources in order to determine their safety for human consumption and to provide updated antibiotic data for pragmatic treatment of patients. Bacteria isolation and identification was done using API and conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby\u2013Bauer method. Results obtained indicated that all the water sources tested were of poor quality. Bacteria isolated included\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Proteus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio cholera<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The prevalence of multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 49.48%.\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates showed high resistance patterns to the tested antibiotics. They were most resistant to penicillin (32.99%), cefuroxime (28.87%), erythromycin (23.71%), and tetracycline (21.45%). In contrast, they were susceptible to nitrofurantoin (93.8%), cefotaxime and amikacin (91.75%), gentamicin (90.7%), nalidixic acid (89.65%), ciprofloxacin (74.2%), chloramphenicol (69.07%), pipemidic acid (65.97%), and cefuroxime (52.58%). Sixty-three percent (63%) of the multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains recorded a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value &gt;0.2. The susceptible antibiotics, especially the nitrofurantoin, are hence recommended in the practical treatment of waterborne bacterial diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7204013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,19]],"date-time":"2018-08-19T19:31:55Z","timestamp":1534707115000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolated from Drinking Water Sources"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8149-9936","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Odonkor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Greenhill College, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kennedy K.","family":"Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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