{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T09:54:04Z","timestamp":1783331644996,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims at genetic characterization and phylogenetic relationships of<jats:italic>Nocardia brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>focusing by using housekeeping<jats:italic>rrs<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>hsp65,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>sodA<\/jats:italic>genes.<jats:italic>N. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>is the species responsible for 80% of cases of actinomycetoma, one form of cutaneous nocardiosis which occurs mainly in tropical regions reaching immunocompetent patients in which the disease can lead to amputation. We analyze 36 indigenous cases of<jats:italic>N. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>that happened in France. Phylogenetic analysis targeting<jats:italic>rrs<\/jats:italic>gene showed no robustness at phylogenetic nodes level. However, the use of a concatenation of<jats:italic>hsp65<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>sodA<\/jats:italic>genes showed that the tested strains surprisingly ranked in 3 well-defined genotypes. Genotypes 2 and 3 were phylogenetically closer to each other and both diverged from genotype 1 sustained by a high bootstrap of 81%. This last genotype hosts all the cases of pulmonary forms (3), the sole cerebral form, and almost all the cases of immunocompromised patients (3 out of 4). Moreover, excepting one of them, all the strains belonging to this group present a susceptibility to imipenem which is not the case in the other genotypes that rarely count among them strains being susceptible to this drug. The haplotype diversity (Hd) of<jats:italic>hsp65<\/jats:italic>(0.927) and<jats:italic>sodA<\/jats:italic>(0.885) genes was higher than that of<jats:italic>rrs<\/jats:italic>(0.824). For this gene, we obtained 16 polymorphic sites whereas, for<jats:italic>hsp65<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>sodA<\/jats:italic>genes, up to 27 and 29 were identified, respectively. This study reveals that these two genes have an important genetic discriminatory power for the evaluation of the intraspecies genetic variability of<jats:italic>N. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>and they may be useful for identification purposes at species level. This study also reveals the possible existence of a new species harbored by genotype 1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7314054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,20]],"date-time":"2018-05-20T23:32:14Z","timestamp":1526859134000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High Intraspecific Genetic Diversity of<i>Nocardia brasiliensis<\/i>, a Pathogen Responsible for Cutaneous Nocardiosis Found in France: Phylogenetic Relationships by Using<i>sod<\/i>and<i>hsp65<\/i>Genes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Kosova-Maali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on \u201cBacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment\u201d, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, UCBL, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, 8 avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on \u201cBacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment\u201d, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, UCBL, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, 8 avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Maali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Team \u201cPathogenesis of Staphylococcal Infections\u201d, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon 1, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Nord, 103 grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04960 Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Mouni\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on \u201cBacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment\u201d, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, UCBL, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, 8 avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Sandoval Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04960 Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, 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