{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:01:53Z","timestamp":1778943713963,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,21]],"date-time":"2018-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540080000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"H.R.H. Crown Princess Lovisa\u2019s Association for Paediatric Health Care\/Foundation Axel Tielman\u2019s Memorial Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal disorder in premature infants with a high morbidity and mortality. Paneth cell dysfunction has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of NEC. Defensin alpha-6 (DEFA6) is a specific marker for Paneth cells acting as part of the innate immunity in the human intestines. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of DEFA6 in infants with NEC.<jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Infants who underwent bowel resection for NEC at level III NICU in Sweden between August 2004 and September 2013 were eligible for the study. Macroscopically vital tissues were selected for histopathological evaluation. All infants in the control group underwent laparotomy and had ileostomy due to dysmotility, and samples were taken from the site of the stoma. DEFA6 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. Digital image analysis was used for an objective and precise description of the samples.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. A total of 12 infants were included in the study, eight with NEC and four controls. The tissue samples were taken from the colon (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), jejunum (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and ileum (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>10<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Both the NEC and control groups consisted of extremely premature and term infants (control group: 25\u201340 gestational weeks, NEC group: 23\u201339 gestational weeks). The postnatal age at the time of surgery varied in both groups (control group: 4\u201347 days, NEC group: 4\u201350 days). DEFA6 expression in the NEC group was significantly lower than that in the control group and did not correlate with gestational age.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The diminished DEFA6 expression in Paneth cells associated with NEC in this study supports the hypothesis that alpha-defensins are involved in the pathophysiology of NEC. Future studies are needed to elucidate the role of alpha-defensins in NEC aiming at finding preventive and therapeutic strategies against NEC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7345426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,21]],"date-time":"2018-10-21T23:32:33Z","timestamp":1540164753000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Diminished DEFA6 Expression in Paneth Cells Is Associated with Necrotizing Enterocolitis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6355-1465","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laszlo","family":"Markasz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alkwin","family":"Wanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Szekely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1998-5212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helene Engstrand","family":"Lilja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005408"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2004.10.022"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.02.023"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2011.02.002"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000342340"},{"key":"6","first-page":"113","volume":"31","year":"1888","journal-title":"Arch Mikroskop 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