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NK cells possess many kinds of TLRs that allow them to sense and respond to invading pathogens. Our previous study found that NK cells could modulate the immune response induced by <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum)<\/jats:italic> in C57BL\/6 mice. In the present study, the role of TLRs in the progress of <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection was investigated. Results showed that the expression of TLR3 on NK cells increased significantly after <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection by using RT-PCR and FACS (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). TLR3 agonist (Poly I:C) increased IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> and IL-4 levels in the supernatant of cultured splenocytes and induced a higher percentage of IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>- and IL-4-secreting NK cells from infected mouse splenocytes (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Not only the percentages of MHC II-, CD69-, and NKG2A\/C\/E-expressing cells but also the percentages of IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-17-producing cells in TLR3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells increased significantly after infection (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Moreover, the expression of NKG2A\/C\/E, NKG2D, MHC II, and CD69 on the surface of splenic NK cells was changed in <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>-infected TLR3<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> (TLR3 KO mice, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>); the abilities of NK cells in IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17 secretion were decreased too (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). These results indicate that TLR3 is the primary molecule which modulates the activation and function of NK cells during the course of <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection in C57BL\/6 mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7519856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T19:31:25Z","timestamp":1535657485000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["TLR3 Modulates the Response of NK Cells against <i>Schistosoma japonicum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Jiale","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"},{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaina","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanfa","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, 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