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shared nature and open access to the wireless medium. The jamming attack may prevent the normal communication through occupying the same wireless channel of legal nodes. It is critical to locate the jammer accurately, which may provide necessary message for the implementation of antijamming mechanisms. However, current range-free methods are sensitive to the distribution of nodes and parameters of the jammer. In order to improve the localization accuracy, this article proposes a jammer localization method based on Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), which is a heuristic optimization evolutionary algorithm based on Newton\u2019s law of universal gravitation and mass interactions. At first, the initial particles are selected randomly from the jammed area. Then, the fitness function is designed based on range-free method. At each iteration, the mass and position of the particles are updated. Finally, the position of particle with the maximum mass is considered as the estimated jammer\u2019s position. A series of simulations are conducted to evaluate our proposed algorithms and the simulation results show that the GSA-based localization algorithm outperforms many state-of-the-art algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7670939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,6]],"date-time":"2018-05-06T19:31:43Z","timestamp":1525635103000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Jammer Localization in Multihop Wireless Networks Based on Gravitational Search"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8131-2510","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tongxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, PLA Army Engineering University, Nanjing 210007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6181-4441","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xianglin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Telecommunication Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 210007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8859-834X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianhua","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Telecommunication Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 210007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Telecommunication Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 210007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/surv.2011.041110.00022"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2016.2607692"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2016.7445505"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2017.08.007","volume":"72","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.05.031"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2631146"},{"issue":"11","key":"12","first-page":"10","volume":"31","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of China Institute of Communications"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21206-7_30"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.11.032"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ICA-130445"},{"issue":"13","key":"16","first-page":"176","volume":"37","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2011.154"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2669240"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2016.2618793"},{"issue":"13","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.03.004","volume":"179","year":"2009","journal-title":"Information sciences"}],"container-title":["Security and Communication Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2018\/7670939.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2018\/7670939.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2018\/7670939.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]],"date-time":"2018-05-16T20:17:06Z","timestamp":1526501826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2018\/7670939\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["7670939","7670939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7670939","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-0114","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-0122","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}