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Transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1) signaling, with downstream recruitment of Smad2, is known to promote fibrosis. This<jats:italic> in vitro<\/jats:italic> study examined the effects of rapamycin on fibroblasts derived from human urethral scar tissue (FHUS) and investigated the possible mechanism with respect to regulation of TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 signaling. FHUS were cultured from urethral scar tissues collected from four patients with urethral stricture. The cells were exposed to different concentrations of rapamycin (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, or 160\u2009ng\/ml) for 24 or 48 hours. Cell growth was assessed by the MTT assay. Collagen content was measured based on hydroxyproline levels. The mRNA expressions of Smad2, eIF-4E, and alpha-1 chains of collagen types I and III (Col1<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1 and Col3<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1) were determined by semiquantitative reverse-transcription PCR. The protein expressions of Smad2, phospho-Smad2, and eIF-4E were evaluated by western blot. Rapamycin caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of FHUS growth at 24 and 48 hours (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Rapamycin decreased total collagen content (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), collagen content per 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> cells (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and mRNA expressions of Col1<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1 and Col3<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>1 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) in a concentration-dependent manner. Rapamycin elicited concentration-dependent reductions in the mRNA (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and protein (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) expressions of Smad2 and eIF-4E. The two highest concentrations of rapamycin also enhanced phospho-Smad2 levels (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). In conclusion, the present study confirmed that rapamycin may reduce the growth and collagen production of FHUS, possibly through inhibition of TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7851327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T19:32:31Z","timestamp":1523993551000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Rapamycin Inhibits the Growth and Collagen Production of Fibroblasts Derived from Human Urethral Scar Tissue"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Delai","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an, 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