{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T20:55:45Z","timestamp":1760820945818,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mobile Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With the advent of Internet of things (IoT) and cloud computing technologies, we are in the era of automation, device-to-device (D2D) and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. Automated vehicles have recently gained a huge attention worldwide, and it has created a new wave of revolution in automobile industries. However, in order to fully establish automated vehicles and their connectivity to the surroundings, <jats:italic>security<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>privacy<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>dependability<\/jats:italic> always remain a crucial issue. One cannot deny the fact that such automatic vehicles are highly vulnerable to different kinds of security attacks. Also, today\u2019s such systems are built from generic components. Prior analysis of different attack trends and vulnerabilities enables us to deploy security solutions effectively. Moreover, scientific research has shown that a \u201cgroup\u201d can perform better than individuals in making decisions and predictions. Therefore, this paper deals with the measurable <jats:italic>security<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>privacy<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>dependability<\/jats:italic> of automated vehicles through the <jats:italic>crowd-based intelligence approach<\/jats:italic> that is inspired from <jats:italic>swarm intelligence<\/jats:italic>. We have studied <jats:italic>three<\/jats:italic> use case scenarios of automated vehicles and systems with vehicular fog and have analyzed the <jats:italic>security<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>privacy<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>dependability<\/jats:italic> metrics of such systems. Our systematic approaches to measuring efficient system configuration, <jats:italic>security<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>privacy<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>dependability<\/jats:italic> of automated vehicles are essential for getting the overall picture of the system such as design patterns, best practices for configuration of system, metrics, and measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7905960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T18:34:30Z","timestamp":1519929270000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Crowd-Based Intelligence Approach for Measurable Security, Privacy, and Dependability in Internet of Automated Vehicles with Vehicular Fog"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2142-9522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ashish","family":"Rauniyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Network and Distributed System (ND) Research Group, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Autonomous Systems and Networks (ASN) Research Group, Department of Computer Science, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2014-2749","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Desta Haileselassie","family":"Hagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network and Distributed System (ND) Research Group, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Autonomous Systems and Networks (ASN) Research Group, Department of Computer Science, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3023-2991","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manish","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network and Distributed System (ND) Research Group, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"eSmart Systems, Halden, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-014-0731-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.09.003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/lcomm.2017.2677922"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"9","DOI":"10.13052\/jcsm2245-1439.342"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147716665500"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2016.2532863"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/s1005-8885(16)60021-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2017.2665968"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"15","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.2016.1600039wc"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.2015.7120028"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/s1353-4858(15)30100-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-3078-7"}],"container-title":["Mobile Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2018\/7905960.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2018\/7905960.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2018\/7905960.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T18:34:30Z","timestamp":1519929270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2018\/7905960\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["7905960","7905960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7905960","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1574-017X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-905X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}