{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:41:48Z","timestamp":1791582108297,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,23]],"date-time":"2018-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":265,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31060349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31060349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31260622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31260622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31660727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31660727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Taraxasterol, a pentacyclic\u2010triterpene compound, is one of the main active components isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb\n                    <jats:italic>Taraxacum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of taraxasterol and its possible underlying mechanisms against ethanol\u2010induced liver injury in mice. ICR mice were fed with Lieber\u2010DeCarli diet containing 5% ethanol for 10\u2009d and then challenged with a single dose of 20% ethanol (5\u2009g\/kg BW) by intragastric administration. The mice were intragastrically treated daily with taraxasterol (2.5, 5, and 10\u2009mg\/kg). Tiopronin was used as a positive control. The liver index was calculated, and the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), tumor necrosis factor\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) in sera were detected. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the livers were measured. The histopathological changes of liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining. The protein expression levels of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2010related factor 2 (Nrf2), antioxidant protein heme oxygenase\u20101 (HO\u20101), and nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B) signaling pathway in liver tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods. Taraxasterol significantly reduced the ethanol\u2010induced increases of liver index, ALT, AST, and TG levels in sera and TG and MDA contents in the livers and hepatic ROS production and suppressed the ethanol\u2010induced decreases of hepatic GSH level and SOD activity. Taraxasterol also significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and IL\u20106 induced by ethanol. In addition, taraxasterol improved the liver histopathological changes in mice with ethanol\u2010induced liver injury. Further studies revealed that taraxasterol significantly inhibited the ethanol\u2010induced upregulation of CYP2E1, increased the ethanol\u2010induced downregulation of Nrf2 and HO\u20101, and inhibited the degradation of inhibitory kappa B\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (I\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and the expression level of NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B p65 in liver tissues of ethanol\u2010induced mice. These findings suggest that taraxasterol possesses the potential protective effects against ethanol\u2010induced liver injury in mice by exerting antioxidative stress and anti\u2010inflammatory response via CYP2E1\/Nrf2\/HO\u20101 and NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B signaling pathways.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8284107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,23]],"date-time":"2018-09-23T19:31:19Z","timestamp":1537731079000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":207,"title":["Protective Effects of Taraxasterol against Ethanol\u2010Induced Liver Injury by Regulating CYP2E1\/Nrf2\/HO\u20101 and NF\u2010\n                    <i>\u03ba<\/i>\n                    B Signaling Pathways in 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