{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T11:46:15Z","timestamp":1776685575507,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Anatomical Science and Education, SLU School of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diphallia or penile duplication is a rare congenital variant with an estimated frequency of 1 per 5 to 6 million live births. The extent of duplication varies widely and typically occurs with other malformations including urogenital, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal anomalies. Here we present a case of human diphallia that was detected during routine dissection of an 84-year-old cadaver. Upon thorough examination, this case was characterized as a complete bifid penis which was accompanied by hypospadias with no other anatomical abnormalities detected. To gain insights into the etiology of this case, we analyzed DNA procured from the body for putative genetic variants using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. Our results support clinical observations consistent with human diphallia being a polygenic syndrome and identify new genetic variants that might underlie its etiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8293036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T23:57:13Z","timestamp":1528934233000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Rare Case of Human Diphallia Associated with Hypospadias"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3445-222X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrey","family":"Frolov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Anatomical Science and Education, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., Schwitalla Hall M-306, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Anatomical Science and Education, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., Schwitalla Hall M-306, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Waheed-Uz-Zaman","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Anatomical Science and Education, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., Schwitalla Hall M-306, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0026-9275","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John R.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Anatomical Science and Education, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. 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