{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:55:18Z","timestamp":1783702518016,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536537600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Respiratory Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>pneumonia (MPP) is one of the most common forms of community-acquired pneumonia in children. The objective of this study was to explore potential changes in levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>(TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) and interferon-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>(IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>) associated with pediatric MPP.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. This protocol has been registered (PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017077979). A literature search was performed in October 2017 using PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and other Chinese medical databases to identify studies. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. Random-effect models were used to estimate mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cytokine levels.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis, encompassing 2,422 children with MPP and 454 healthy control children. Serum TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>levels were significantly higher in children with MPP compared with healthy children (MD\u2009=\u200922.5, 95% CI\u2009=\u200913.78\u201331.22,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.00001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), and there was significant heterogeneity across studies (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u2009100%,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.00001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Subgroup analyses showed no evidence for a difference in serum TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>levels between children with refractory and nonrefractory MPP. Serum IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>levels did not significantly differ in children with MPP compared with healthy children (MD\u2009=\u20094.83, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22123.27\u201312.93,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.24<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Our meta-analysis showed that serum TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>levels were significantly elevated and unchanged, respectively, in pediatric MPP. Because infection by different pathogens has variable effects on serum TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>levels, the finding could be helpful in developing novel diagnostic methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8354892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T23:31:04Z","timestamp":1536622264000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-<i>\u03b1<\/i>and Interferon-<i>\u03b3<\/i>Levels in Pediatric<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i>Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1791-2108","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongsheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9180-5829","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, 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