{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:14:31Z","timestamp":1783649671188,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]],"date-time":"2018-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529798400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Aim.<\/jats:italic> This study aimed to investigate whether in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) can detect the improvement of corneal nerve parameters following glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in natural history. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Thirty-two patients with diabetes complicated by DPN and 12 age-matched control subjects underwent detailed clinical examination and were assessed per the Toronto Clinical Scoring Scale for DPN, nerve conduction studies, and IVCCM at baseline and after approximately one year from the first visit. <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> At follow-up, 16 diabetic patients had improved glycemic control (group A, HbA1c\u2009&lt;\u20097.0%, 7.78\u2009\u00b1\u20091.62% versus 6.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.59%, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.005<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), while the remainder continued to have elevated HbA1c levels (group B, HbA1c\u2009\u2265\u20097.0%, 8.55\u2009\u00b1\u20091.57% versus 8.79\u2009\u00b1\u20091.05%, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.527<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). For patients in group A, corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (18.55\u2009\u00b1\u20095.25\u2009n\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 21.78\u2009\u00b1\u20096.13\u2009n\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.005<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) (11.62\u2009\u00b1\u20092.89\u2009mm\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 13.04\u2009\u00b1\u20092.44\u2009mm\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.029<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) increased significantly compared to baseline. For patients in group B, sural sensory nerve conduction velocity (47.93\u2009\u00b1\u20097.20\u2009m\/s versus 44.67\u2009\u00b1\u20096.43\u2009m\/s, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.024<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), CNFD (17.19\u2009\u00b1\u20095.31\u2009n\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 15.67\u2009\u00b1\u20094.16\u2009n\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), corneal nerve branch density (19.33\u2009\u00b1\u200912.82\u2009n\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 14.23\u2009\u00b1\u20096.56\u2009n\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.033<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and CNFL (11.16\u2009\u00b1\u20092.57\u2009mm\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 9.90\u2009\u00b1\u20091.75\u2009mm\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.011<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) decreased significantly. <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> The results of this study suggest that morphological repair of corneal nerve fibers can be detected when glycemic control improves. In vivo CCM could be a sensitive method that can be applied in future longitudinal or interventional studies on DPN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8516276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]],"date-time":"2018-06-24T19:32:05Z","timestamp":1529868725000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["In Vivo Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Improvement of Corneal Nerve Parameters following Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongzhang","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6863-1798","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lixin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.817"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(07)60001-5"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.03.019"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507133330203"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032782"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1941"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808431"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706245"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.08.007"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.08.033"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1396"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2012.00740.x"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0193"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"issue":"1","key":"15","first-page":"S1","volume":"20","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Diabetes"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.2.250"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1479"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0224"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1819"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-013-0390-z"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0574"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e3181eea915"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021778"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1698"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03372.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2018\/8516276.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2018\/8516276.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2018\/8516276.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]],"date-time":"2018-06-24T19:32:09Z","timestamp":1529868729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2018\/8516276\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["8516276","8516276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/8516276","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6745","2314-6753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6745","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]]}}}