{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:46:39Z","timestamp":1778802399724,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DCC-UC research grant","award":["21161015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21161015"]}]},{"name":"CONICYT-PCHA\/National Ph.D.\/2016","award":["21161015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21161015"]}]},{"name":"AWS Cloud Credits for Research","award":["21161015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21161015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Code offloading is a popular technique for extending the natural capabilities of mobile devices by migrating processor\u2010intensive tasks to resource\u2010rich surrogates. Despite multiple platforms for offloading being available in academia, these frameworks have yet to permeate the industry. One of the primary reasons for this is limited experimentation in practical settings and lack of reliability, scalability, and options for distribution. This paper introduces MobiCOP, a new code offloading framework designed from the ground up with these requirements in mind. It features a novel design fully self\u2010contained in a library and offers compatibility with most stock Android devices available today. Compared to local task executions, MobiCOP offers performance improvements of up to 17x and increased battery efficiency of up to 25x, shows minimum performance degradation in environments with unstable networks, and features an autoscaling module that allows its server counterpart to scale to an arbitrary number of offloading requests. It is compatible with the most relevant Android technologies optimized for heavy computation (NDK and Renderscript) and has so far been well received by fellow mobile developers. We hope MobiCOP will help bring mobile code offloading closer to the industry realm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8715294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T23:57:24Z","timestamp":1515542244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["MobiCOP: A Scalable and Reliable Mobile Code Offloading Solution"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2918-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 I.","family":"Benedetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1552-8812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Sanabria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5734-722X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Neyem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Nav\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0599-7941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Poellabauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","unstructured":"Cisco visual networking index: global mobile data traffic forecast update 2015\u20132020 white paper http:\/\/goo.gl\/ylTuVxWhitePaper."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SekarK. Power and thermal challenges in mobile devices Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking MobiCom 2013 October 2013 USA 363\u2013368 2-s2.0-84887040122 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2500423.2505320.","DOI":"10.1145\/2500423.2505320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.1203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2010.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2867070.2867075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2016.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BenedettoJ. I. NeyemA. NavonJ. andValenzuelaG. Rethinking the mobile code offloading paradigm: from concept to practice Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE\/ACM 4th International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (MOBILESoft) May 2017 Buenos Aires Argentina 63\u201367 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MOBILESoft.2017.20.","DOI":"10.1109\/MOBILESoft.2017.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2009.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DroliaU. MartinsR. TanJ. ChhedaA. SanghaviM. GandhiR. andNarasimhanP. The case for mobile edge-clouds Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing UIC 2013 and 10th IEEE International Conference on Autonomic and Trusted Computing ATC 2013 December 2013 Italy 209\u2013215 2-s2.0-84894179843 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/UIC-ATC.2013.94.","DOI":"10.1109\/UIC-ATC.2013.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AhmedA.andAhmedE. A survey on mobile edge computing Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control ISCO 2016 January 2016 India 2-s2.0-85007280420 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCO.2016.7727082.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCO.2016.7727082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","unstructured":"MarinelliE. E. Hyrax: cloud computing on mobile devices using MapReduce DTIC Document 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"QianH.andAndresenD. Jade: an efficient energy-aware computation offloading system with heterogeneous network interface bonding for ad-hoc networked mobile devices Proceedings of the 15th IEEE\/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence Networking and Parallel\/Distributed Computing SNPD 2014 July 2014 USA https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SNPD.2014.6888703 2-s2.0-84908680851.","DOI":"10.1109\/SNPD.2014.6888703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29336-8_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CuervoyE. BalasubramanianA. ChoD.-K. WolmanA. SaroiuS. ChandraR. andBahlxP. MAUI: making smartphones last longer with code offload Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems Applications and Services (MobiSys \u203210) June 2010 New York NY USA 49\u201362 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1814433.1814441 2-s2.0-77954993714.","DOI":"10.1145\/1814433.1814441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChunB.-G. IhmS. ManiatisP. NaikM. andPattiA. CloneCloud: elastic execution between mobile device and cloud Proceedings of the 6th ACM EuroSys Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys \u203211) April 2011 ACM 301\u2013314 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1966445.1966473 2-s2.0-79955951954.","DOI":"10.1145\/1966445.1966473"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KostaS. AucinasA. HuiP. MortierR. andZhangX. Thinkair: dynamic resource allocation and parallel execution in the cloud for mobile code offloading Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM March 2012 945\u2013953 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/infcom.2012.6195845 2-s2.0-84861596582.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2012.6195845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","unstructured":"GordonM. S. JamshidiD. A. MahlkeS. MaoZ. M. andChenX. Comet: code offload by migrating execution transparently Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 12 2012 93\u2013106."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FloresH.andSriramaS. N. Adaptive code offloading for mobile cloud applications: exploiting fuzzy sets and evidence-based learning Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing and Services (MCS \u203213) June 2013 9\u201316 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2482981.2482984 2-s2.0-84881154041.","DOI":"10.1145\/2482981.2482984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.2015.7060486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2016.2586056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","unstructured":"How to run the Android Emulator (with Hardware Acceleration) on Amazon EC2 and Google Cloud https:\/\/goo.gl\/HnQqiB."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhangY. HuangG. LiuX. ZhangW. MeiH. andYangS. Refactoring android java code for on-demand computation offloading Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems Languages and Applications OOPSLA 2012 October 2012 USA 233\u2013247 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2384616.2384634 2-s2.0-84869848489.","DOI":"10.1145\/2384616.2384634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aci.2016.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","unstructured":"ChintalaptiR. N. GanesanR. andWaghS. A. System for performance and scalability analysis and methods thereof U.S. Patent No. 7 546 222 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2457392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2016.2633509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.050113.00090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LiuZ. ZengX. HuangW. LinJ. ChenX. andGuoW. Framework for context-aware computation offloading in mobile cloud computing Proceedings of the 2016 15th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing (ISPDC) July 2016 Fuzhou China 172\u2013177 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISPDC.2016.30.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPDC.2016.30"}],"container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/8715294.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2018\/8715294.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2018\/8715294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T06:11:21Z","timestamp":1723011081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2018\/8715294"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Konstantinos E.","family":"Psannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2018\/8715294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/8715294","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-8669","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8677","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-09-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-12-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8715294"}}