{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:42:28Z","timestamp":1759160548668,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531958400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010434","name":"\u201cla Caixa\u201d Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACIF\/2017\/069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACIF\/2017\/069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011596","name":"Conselleria de Educaci\u00f3n, Investigaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ACIF\/2017\/069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACIF\/2017\/069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Triptolemos Foundation","award":["ACIF\/2017\/069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACIF\/2017\/069"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Control over water usage for irrigation purposes is a key factor in order to achieve the sustainability in agriculture. The irrigation of urban lawns represents a high percentage of the urban water usage. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) offers the possibility of monitoring the grass state in order to adjust the irrigation regime. In this paper, we propose an Arduino-based system with a camera set on a drone. The drone flies along the garden taking pictures of the grass. Those pictures are processed with a rule-based algorithm that classifies them according to the grass quality. Pictures can be tagged in three categories: high coverage, low coverage, or very low coverage. After designing our algorithm, twelve pictures are used to verify its correct operation. The results show a 100% hit rate. To analyze the suitability of using drones to perform this task, we carried out a comparative study for gardens with different sizes, where the drone and a similar system mounted on a small autonomous vehicle have been used. The results show that, for gardens bigger than 1000\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, the use of drone is needed due to the time consumed by the vehicle to cover the entire surface. Finally, we show the results of sending the image information after processing it in different manners.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8743179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T23:44:19Z","timestamp":1532043859000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Urban Lawn Monitoring in Smart City Environments"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mar\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9215-8734","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lorena","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Gesti\u00f3n Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, C\/ Paraninf 1, 46730 Grao de Gandia, Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Rocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Gesti\u00f3n Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, C\/ Paraninf 1, 46730 Grao de Gandia, Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Sendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Gesti\u00f3n Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, C\/ Paraninf 1, 46730 Grao de Gandia, Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Teor\u00eda de la Se\u00f1al, Telem\u00e1tica y Comunicaciones, ETS Ingenier\u00edas Inform\u00e1tica y de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Granada, C\/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0862-0533","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaime","family":"Lloret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n para la 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