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Inflammatory cytokines alter calcium (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>) signaling and contractility of airway smooth muscle, which results in nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness to agonists. In this context, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>regulatory mechanisms in airway smooth muscle and changes in these regulatory mechanisms encompass a major component of airway hyperresponsiveness. Although dynamic Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>regulation is complex, phospholipase C\/inositol tris-phosphate (PLC\/IP3) and CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose (CD38\/cADPR) are two major pathways mediating agonist-induced Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>regulation in airway smooth muscle. Altered CD38 expression or enhanced cyclic ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity associated with CD38 contributes to human pathologies such as asthma, neoplasia, and neuroimmune diseases. This review is focused on investigations on the role of CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signaling in airway smooth muscle in the context of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of CD38 expression. The specific roles of transcription factors NF-kB and AP-1 in the transcriptional regulation of CD38 expression and of miRNAs miR-140-3p and miR-708 in the posttranscriptional regulation and the underlying mechanisms of such regulation are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8942042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T23:31:50Z","timestamp":1518046310000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["CD38\/cADPR Signaling Pathway in Airway Disease: Regulatory Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Deepak A.","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alonso G. 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