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It has been shown to be effective for chronic, intractable pain that is refractory to conventional therapies such as physical therapy, medications, transcutaneous electrical stimulations, and nerve blocks. Recently, a new generation of peripheral nerve stimulation devices has been developed; these allow external pulse generators to transmit impulses wirelessly to the implanted electrode, and their implantation is significantly less invasive. In this review, we discuss the history, pathophysiology, indications, implantation process, and outcomes of employing peripheral nerve stimulation to treat chronic pain conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9091216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T19:36:05Z","timestamp":1536867365000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Current Innovations in Peripheral Nerve Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Raghavendra","family":"Nayak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7126-5768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ratan K.","family":"Banik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 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