{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T17:39:18Z","timestamp":1771781958085,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531785600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004742","name":"National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spontaneous abortion is a complex, multifactorial pathology, where various genetic, neural, endocrine, and immunological factors are involved. Cytokines, Toll-like receptors, and progesterone receptors play critical roles in embryonic implantation and development. A delicate, stage-specific equilibrium of these proteins is required for successful pregnancy outcome. However, genetic variation from one individual to another results in variation in levels of Th1\/Th2 cytokines, strength of identification of infectious agents by Toll-like receptors, and quality of progesterone recognition. Thus, a complex study encompassing effects of major SNPs of cytokine, TLR, and PGR genes on the risk of miscarriage is needed. In this study, we investigated SNPs of 9 genes (TLR2 G753A, TLR4 C399T, TLR9 G2848A, TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 C509T, PGR PROGINS, IL-6 G174C, IL-8 C781T, IL-10 C592A, and TNF<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> G308A) in 106 women, whose pregnancy ended in miscarriage, and 74 women, who delivered in term without any pregnancy complication. All participants are from Ukrainian population. As a result, TLR9 and IL-10 SNPs have been found to play critical roles in the development of spontaneous abortion. TLR2, TLR4, IL-6, IL-8, and PGR SNPs were identified as secondary factors that can also affect the risk of miscarriage. There was no association found between TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 and TNF<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms and miscarriage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9272749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T12:37:03Z","timestamp":1531917423000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Cytokine, Toll-Like Receptor, and Progesterone Receptor Genes on Risk of Miscarriage"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0572-1136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anastasiia","family":"Razdaibiedina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Cybernetics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1253-1170","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mykhaylo","family":"Khobzey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Cybernetics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Tkachenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Vorobiova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 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