{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:00:08Z","timestamp":1792450808210,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]],"date-time":"2018-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544313600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003200","name":"Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6364002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6364002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Newcastle disease virus strains are velogenic, mesogenic, and lentogenic. This study aims to design a scoring system for lesions induced by different strains of Newcastle disease virus in chicken. Three experiments were conducted. In experiments 1 and 2, chickens were divided into infected and control groups. Infected groups of experiments 1 and 2 consisted of 6 and 24 specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, respectively. Control groups in experiments 1 and 2 consisted of 6 and 15 SPF chickens, respectively. In infected groups, infection was induced by intranasal administration of 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>50% EID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\/0.1 mL of velogenic Newcastle disease virus strain (vNDV). Infected chickens in experiment 1 were euthanised by cervical dislocation on days 3, 6, and 7 postinoculation (pi). Infected chickens in experiment 2 were euthanised at hours (hrs) 2, 4, 6, 12 and days 1, 2, 4, and 6 pi. Chickens of the control group in experiment 1 were euthanised on days 3 and 7 pi, whereas control group chickens in experiment 2 were euthanised on days 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 pi. Then in experiment 3, 15 SPF chickens were divided into three groups; in the first group, 5 SPF chickens were infected with vNDV, in the second group, 5 SPF chickens were infected with lentogenic NDV (lNDV) (10<jats:sup>3.0<\/jats:sup>EID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\/0.1 mL), and the third group was kept without infection as a control group. Chickens were euthanised on day 5 pi. In all previous experiments, tissues of brain, trachea, lung, caecal tonsil, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, proventriculus, intestine, and thymus were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned. HS staining was applied. Tissues were examined under light microscope and changes were recorded. A scoring system was designed for lesions induced by different strains of NDV and, accordingly, lesions were scored. The scoring system was found helpful in the evaluation of disease severity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9296520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]],"date-time":"2018-12-09T23:31:19Z","timestamp":1544398279000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Scoring System for Lesions Induced by Different Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9143-7173","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elawad A.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6052-3290","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Hair-Bejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1637-3381","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lawan","family":"Adamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7379-0507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A. R.","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8357-4701","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Siti S.","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4312-501X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elmutaz A.","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Aini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"452","volume-title":"Newcastle disease","year":"1984"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421481"},{"key":"3","year":"1999"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.45-6-928"},{"key":"5","first-page":"71","volume":"8","year":"2007","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2011.713.720"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(92)90020-U"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.6983"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-009-9321-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.62.1.354-356.1988","volume":"62","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(77)90412-3"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02161.x"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459708419257"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(76)90178-1"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Medicine International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/vmi\/2018\/9296520.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/vmi\/2018\/9296520.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/vmi\/2018\/9296520.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T05:22:00Z","timestamp":1605590520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/vmi\/2018\/9296520\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["9296520","9296520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/9296520","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-8113","2042-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-8113","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]]}}}