{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:53:06Z","timestamp":1789602786105,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":157,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Showering is the most common form of bathing worldwide. Whole\u2010body immersion bathing in warm water (~40\u00b0C) is common in Japan and exerts sufficient hyperthermic action to induce vasodilatation and increase blood flow, supplying more oxygen and nutrients to the periphery. Cross\u2010sectional studies report better subjective health status with an immersion bathing habit. This randomized controlled trial compared the effects on health of immersion bathing and shower bathing in 38 participants who received 2\u2010week intervention of immersion bathing in warm water (40\u00b0C) for 10 min (bathing intervention) followed by 2\u2010week shower bathing without immersion (showering intervention) or vice versa (n = 19 each group). Visual analog scale scores were significantly better for fatigue, stress, pain, and smile and tended to be better for self\u2010reported heath and skin condition after bathing intervention than after showering intervention. The SF\u20108 Health Survey showed significantly better general health, mental health, role emotional, and social functioning scores. Profile of Mood State scores were lower for stress, tension\u2010anxiety, anger\u2010hostility, and depression\u2010dejection. Immersion bathing, but not shower bathing, exerts hyperthermic action that induces increased blood flow and metabolic waste elimination, which may afford physical refreshment. Immersion bathing should improve both physical and emotional aspects of quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9521086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T23:32:57Z","timestamp":1528414377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Physical and Mental Effects of Bathing: A Randomized Intervention Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1512-2954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Goto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Hayasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeo","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosikazu","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(80)90042-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20081003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20080092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/cmaj.5.1.53.61263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Architectural Planning and Design Rural Planning","author":"Kimura Y.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","first-page":"96","article-title":"Effects of bathing on cerebral blood flow in healthy volunteers using patlak plot method with technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer","volume":"60","author":"Watanabe H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Japanese Association of Physical Medicine Balneology and Climatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","first-page":"187","article-title":"Influence of hot bathing on blood flow velocity pattern of peripheral artery","volume":"63","author":"Nobuoka S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of the Japanese Society of Balneology, Climatology and Physical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","first-page":"7","volume-title":"New Manual for Therapeutic Use of Conventional Bathing And Hot Spring Bathing","author":"Tanaka N.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","first-page":"139","volume-title":"New Balneological Medicine","author":"Tanaka N.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","volume-title":"Current Situation of the Manner of Bathing in Japan","author":"Korogi M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"Study on bathing practice in winter and summer","volume":"17","author":"Watanabe S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiological Anthropology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","first-page":"256","article-title":"Bathing in hot water, bathing in Japanese style of hot spring and drinking green tea may contribute to the good health status of Japanese","volume":"75","author":"Goto Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of the Japanese Society of Balneology, Climatology and Physical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","first-page":"171","article-title":"Health effects of seasonal bathing in hot water, seasonal utilization of hot spring facilities, and high green tea consumption","volume":"77","author":"Goto Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of the Japanese Society of Balneology, Climatology and Physical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113541"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","unstructured":"WareJ. 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