{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:30:05Z","timestamp":1790188205398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,10]],"date-time":"2018-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528588800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To evaluate the antitumor effect of cyclodextrin-curcumin complex (CDC) on human and rat urothelial carcinoma cells\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and to evaluate the effect of intravesical instillations of CDC, BCG, and the combination\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the AY-F344 orthotopic bladder cancer rat model. Curcumin has anticarcinogenic activity on urothelial carcinoma and is therefore under investigation for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Curcumin and BCG share immunomodulating pathways against urothelial carcinoma.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Curcumin was complexed with cyclodextrin to improve solubility. Four human urothelial carcinoma cell lines and the AY-27 rat cell line were exposed to various concentrations of CDC\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . For the\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiment, the AY-27 orthotopic bladder cancer F344 rat model was used. Rats were treated with consecutive intravesical instillations of CDC, BCG, the combination of CDC+BCG, or NaCl as control.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . CDC showed a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect on all human urothelial carcinoma cell lines tested and the rat AY-27 urothelial carcinoma cell line. Moreover, intravesical treatment with CDC and CDC+BCG results in a lower percentage of tumors (60% and 68%, respectively) compared to BCG (75%) or control (85%). This difference with placebo was not statistically significant (p=0.078 and 0.199, respectively). However, tumors present in the placebo and BCG-treated rats were generally of higher stage.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Cyclodextrin-curcumin complex showed an antiproliferative effect on human and rat urothelial carcinoma cell lines\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In the aggressive orthotopic bladder cancer rat model, we observed a promising effect of CDC treatment and CDC in combination with BCG.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9634902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,10]],"date-time":"2018-06-10T19:33:09Z","timestamp":1528659189000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Curcumin as Treatment for Bladder Cancer: A Preclinical Study of Cyclodextrin-Curcumin Complex and BCG as Intravesical Treatment in an Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6576-9975","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.","family":"Falke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Urology, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Parkkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Vaahtera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. A.","family":"Hulsbergen-van de Kaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Pathology, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Oosterwijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Urology, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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