{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T16:53:06Z","timestamp":1776876786354,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543190400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study assessed the effect of <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> threonine supplementation on the response of broiler chicks challenged with <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Enteritidis, considering bacterial counts in cecal contents, intestinal morphology, body weight, and weight gain. Fertilized eggs were inoculated in the amniotic fluid with saline (NT) or 3.5% threonine (T) solution at day 17.5 of incubation. At hatch, chicks were individually weighed and cloacal swabs were screened for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>. At 2 days of age, half of the birds from each <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> treatment were given either 0.5\u2009mL of nutrient broth (sham-inoculated) or nalidixic acid-resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Enteritidis (SE Nal<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>) in nutrient broth (8.3\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> colony forming units (CFU) SE Nal<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>\/mL). The birds were distributed using a completely randomized design with four treatments after the <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> challenge: no <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> Thr supplementation and sham-inoculated in the posthatch challenge (NT-SHAM), <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> Thr supplementation and sham-inoculated (T-SHAM), no <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> Thr supplementation and SE Nal<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>-challenged (NT-SE), and <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> Thr supplementation and SE Nal<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>-challenged (T-SE). <jats:italic>In ovo<\/jats:italic> threonine supplementation reduced <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Enteritidis colonization 168-hour postinoculation and reduced the negative effects associated with <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infection on intestinal morphology and performance, with results similar to those of the sham-inoculated birds. <jats:italic>In ovo<\/jats:italic> Thr supplementation increased the expression of <jats:italic>MUC2<\/jats:italic> at hatch and the expression of <jats:italic>MUC2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IgA<\/jats:italic> at 2 days of age and 168-hour postinoculation. Our results suggest that providing <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> threonine promotes intestinal health in broilers challenged with <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Enteritidis in the first days of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9795829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T18:31:34Z","timestamp":1543257094000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Intra-Amnionic Threonine Administered to Chicken Embryos Reduces <i>Salmonella<\/i> Enteritidis Cecal Counts and Improves Posthatch Intestinal Development"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Alexandre L. de B.","family":"Moreira Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB), Areia, PB 58397-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celso J. B.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB), Areia, PB 58397-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliveiro C.","family":"Freitas Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Veterin\u00e1rias, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB), Areia, PB 58397-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candice M. C. G.","family":"de Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB), Areia, PB 58397-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro M. S.","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB), Areia, PB 58397-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria F. S.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB), Areia, PB 58397-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, IL 61801, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2480-1780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patr\u00edcia E. 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