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The etiology of sporadic CRC is considered to be multifactorial and arises from the interaction of genetic variants of low-penetrant genes and environmental risk factors. The most common well-studied genetic variation is single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP arises as a point mutation. If the frequency of the sequence variation reaches 1% or more in the population, it is referred to as polymorphism, but if it is lower than 1%, the allele is typically considered as a mutation. Lots of SNPs have been associated with CRC development and progression, for example, genes of TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 and CHI3L1 pathways. TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a dual role in cancer development and progression. TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 mediates its actions through canonical and noncanonical pathways. The most important negative regulatory protein for TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 activity is termed SMAD7. The production of TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>can be controlled by another protein called YKL-40. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein with an important role in cancer initiation and metastasis. YKL-40 is encoded by the CHI3L1 gene. The aim of the present review is to give a brief introduction of CRC, SNP, and examples of some SNPs that have been documented to be associated with CRC. We also discuss two important signaling pathways TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 and CHI3L1 that influence the incidence and progression of CRC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9853192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T00:09:36Z","timestamp":1540512576000},"page":"1-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SMAD7 and CHI3L1 and Colorectal Cancer Risk"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Amal Ahmed","family":"Abd El-Fattah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Einy Street, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nermin Abdel Hamid","family":"Sadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Einy Street, Cairo, 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