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This study was aimed at investigating the effects of sublancin on immune functions and serum antibody titer in specific pathogen-free (SPF) broiler chickens vaccinated with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. For this purpose, 3 experiments were performed. Experiment 1: SPF broiler chicks (14 days old) were randomly allotted to 1 of 7 groups including a blank control (BC), vaccine control (VC), and 5 (3-7) vaccinated and sublancin supplemented at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60\u2009mg activity\/L of water, respectively. Vaccinated groups (2-7) were vaccinated with ND vaccine by intranasal and intraocular routes at the 14<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> day. On 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post vaccination (dpv), the blood samples were collected for the determination of serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer. Experiment 2: SPF broiler chicks were divided into 1 of 3 groups, i.e., blank control (BC), vaccine control (VC), and sublancin treatment (ST). On 7, 14, and 21\u2009dpv, the blood samples were collected for measuring HI antibody titer by micromethod. Experiment 3: the design of this experiment was the same as that of experiment 2. On 7 and 21\u2009dpv, pinocytosis of peritoneal macrophages, B lymphocyte proliferation assay, measurement of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, and serum cytokine quantitation were carried out. It was noted that sublancin promoted B lymphocyte proliferation, increased the proportion of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocyte subpopulations, and enhanced the antibody titer in broiler chickens. In addition, it was also observed that sublancin has the potential to induce the secretion of IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, IL-10, and IL-4. In conclusion, these findings suggested that sublancin could promote both humoral and cellular immune responses and has the potential to be a promising vaccine adjuvant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1016567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T07:34:04Z","timestamp":1575272044000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Novel Adjuvant \u201cSublancin\u201d Enhances Immune Response in Specific Pathogen-Free Broiler Chickens Inoculated with Newcastle Disease Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Yangke","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Linzhou Sinagri Yingtai Biopeptide Co., Ltd, Linzhou, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Feed Antibiotics Replacement Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 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