{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T13:37:10Z","timestamp":1759412230555,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]],"date-time":"2019-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573862400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81801200","2019JJ40476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81801200","2019JJ40476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81801200","2019JJ40476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81801200","2019JJ40476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder, caused by a CAG\/polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat expansion in the <jats:italic>Huntingtin<\/jats:italic> (HTT) gene. The polyQ tract is located in and transcribed from N-terminal HTT of exon 1. HTT is a large multifaceted protein, which participates in a range of cellular functions. Previous studies have shown that truncated HTT, which lacks N-terminus, retains specific functions that can produce neuroprotective benefits. It gives an insight that it is possible to repair HD by removing deleterious N-terminal HTT with CRISPR\/Cas9, without compromising functions of remaining HTT peptides. To successfully generate functional truncated HTT proteins, an alternative downstream ATG start codon that is capable of initiating truncated HTT expression is required. In this study, we searched all possible in-frame ATGs before exon 7 and demonstrated that one of them can indeed initiate the downstream GFP expression in plasmids. We then tried to remove endogenous N-terminal HTT with an optimized dual-sgRNA strategy by CRISPR\/Cas9; however, we cannot detect obvious traits of truncated HTT expression. Our results suggest that noncanonical ATGs of N-terminal HTT may not be effective in the genomic context, as in the construct context. Nevertheless, our study examined the therapeutic efficacy of downstream noncanonical ATGs for protein translation and also provided an optimized dual-sgRNA strategy for further genome manipulation of the HTT gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1039623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]],"date-time":"2019-11-16T18:30:22Z","timestamp":1573929022000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Targeting N-Terminal Huntingtin with a Dual-sgRNA Strategy by CRISPR\/Cas9"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Junjiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 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