{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T19:43:09Z","timestamp":1775677389159,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572393600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics-UEM","award":["n.00639\/99-DEG-UEM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.00639\/99-DEG-UEM"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004612","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n.00639\/99-DEG-UEM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.00639\/99-DEG-UEM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n.00639\/99-DEG-UEM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.00639\/99-DEG-UEM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n.00639\/99-DEG-UEM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.00639\/99-DEG-UEM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are classified as spondyloarthritis (SpA), a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases with complex genetic etiology. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an important role in the mechanism of innate immunity and may influence inflammatory responses. Polymorphisms in <jats:italic>TLR<\/jats:italic> genes that lead to changes in these receptors or that interfere with the transcription rates of mRNA TLR may be involved in the chronic inflammatory immune response observed in SpA. Currently, there is a lack of studies associating genetic polymorphisms in <jats:italic>TLRs<\/jats:italic> and SpA. <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. Therefore, this case-control study is aimed at analyzing the influence of the respective SNPs on <jats:italic>TLR2 rs5743708<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TLR6 rs5743810<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TLR9 rs5743836<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>rs187084<\/jats:italic> in the immunopathogenesis of SpA. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The polymorphisms genotyped by PCR-RFLP were <jats:italic>TLR2 rs5743708<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TLR6 rs5743810<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TLR9 rs5743836<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>rs187084<\/jats:italic>. The <jats:italic>HLA-B<\/jats:italic><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow\/><mml:mrow><mml:mo>\u2217<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math><jats:italic>27<\/jats:italic> was performed by PCR-SSP. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Logistic regression analysis showed a strong association between SNPs in <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TLR9<\/jats:italic> and susceptibility to SpA (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>12.56<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mtext>CI<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>6.5<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>-25.9 and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.62<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mtext>CI<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.20<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>-2.21, respectively). No association was observed among <jats:italic>HLA-B<\/jats:italic><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow\/><mml:mrow><mml:mo>\u2217<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math><jats:italic>27<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TLR<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.72<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), nor among BASDAI and <jats:italic>TLR<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.85<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). <jats:italic>Discussion<\/jats:italic>. Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TLR9<\/jats:italic> genes may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of the SpA. The <jats:italic>rs187084<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rs5743836<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>rs5743708<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms were associated with the risk of SpA development, in this study, and lead to significant changes in the innate and adaptive immune response profile, as well as the maintenance of the regulation of immunological mechanisms. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The polymorphism <jats:italic>rs5743708<\/jats:italic> for the <jats:italic>TLR2<\/jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>rs187084_rs5743836 TLR9<\/jats:italic> haplotypes appear to be involved in the development of clinical forms of SpA and can be a possible therapeutic target for the spondyloarthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1492092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T19:30:40Z","timestamp":1572463840000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Genetic Polymorphisms of <i>Toll-like receptors 2<\/i> and <i>9<\/i> as Susceptibility Factors for the Development of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Camila F.","family":"Oliveira-Tor\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Analysis Clinical and Biomedicine, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, HC\/UFPR, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3646-5817","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amarilis G.","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Analysis Clinical and Biomedicine, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela F.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janisleya S. F.","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Analysis Clinical and Biomedicine, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4770-7823","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luciana C.","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Analysis Clinical and Biomedicine, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco A.","family":"Rocha-Loures","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Analysis Clinical and Biomedicine, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00edlia G.","family":"Quirino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Analysis Clinical and Biomedicine, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3106-8820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hugo V.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Analysis Clinical and Biomedicine, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7315-3567","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Sell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Analysis Clinical and Biomedicine, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5815-7903","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeane E. L.","family":"Visentainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program of Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Analysis Clinical and Biomedicine, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Maring\u00e1 State University, Parana, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.02.001"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/ijr.12.61"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1609622"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2005.04.018"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110372"},{"issue":"4","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1590\/S0482-50042007000400002","volume":"47","year":"2007","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.61"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2959-9"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08830185.2017.1380200"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.03.002"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-4026-0"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19071890"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108217"},{"issue":"10","key":"14","first-page":"2069","volume":"35","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2003.02383.x"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2010.08.001"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822009000600008"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/1676-2444.20160036"},{"key":"19","first-page":"597","volume":"72","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Biology"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0126614100"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl268"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2284"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1395823"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1011"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489343"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.375493"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000006822"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071432"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01721.x"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.11.029"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2018.1492545"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0888-7543(02)00022-8"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1472-8"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028256"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-017-0274-3"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3741-2"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex452"}],"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2019\/1492092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2019\/1492092.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2019\/1492092.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T19:30:43Z","timestamp":1572463843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2019\/1492092\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["1492092","1492092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/1492092","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-8861","2314-7156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-8861","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-7156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]}}}