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By using systems biology approaches at animal, cellular, and molecular levels, the improvement of KXS on cognitive impairment was achieved by inhibiting abnormal acetylcholinesterase. The function on the nerve skeleton was performed by regulating the Tau phosphorylation pathway. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects by modulating the aberrant upregulation of ROS, proinflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related proteins in the brain were studied to reveal the synergistic therapeutic efficacy of KXS. Then, formula dismantling <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> indicated that ginseng was the principal herb, whereas three other herbs served adjuvant roles to achieve the best effect. After that, the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> analysis of components into plasma and brain of AD rats showed that 8 of 23 components in blood and 4 of 10 components in brain were from ginseng, respectively, further verifying the principal status of ginseng and the synergistic effects of the formula. Thus, the anti-AD effects of KXS were achieved by multitargets and multichannels. The systems biology approaches presented here provide a novel way in traditional herbal medicine research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1707218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T18:30:39Z","timestamp":1577817039000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Study on the Multitarget Synergistic Effects of Kai-Xin-San against Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Based on Systems Biology"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Sirui","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, 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