{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:07:26Z","timestamp":1788570446610,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Medical costs associated with cardiovascular disease are increasing considerably worldwide; therefore, an efficacious, cost-effective therapy which allows the effective use of medical resources is vital. There have been few economic evaluations of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), especially meta-analyses of medical cost versus patient outcome.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The target population in this meta-analysis included convalescent and comprehensive CR patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the status most commonly observed postmyocardial infarction (MI). Here, we evaluated medical costs, quality-adjusted life year (QALY), cost-effectiveness, mortality, and life year (LY). Regarding cost-effectiveness analysis, we analyzed medical costs per QALY, medical costs per LY, and the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR). We then examined the differences in effects for the 2 treatment arms (CR vs. usual care (UC)) using the risk ratio (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD).<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. We reviewed 59 studies and identified 5 studies that matched our selection criteria. In total, 122,485 patients were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis results revealed that the CR arm significantly improved QALY (SMD: \u22121.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): \u22122.69, \u22120.87) compared with UC. Although medical costs tended to be higher in the CR arm compared to the UC arm (SMD: 0.02; 95% CI: \u22120.08, 0.13), cost\/QALY was significantly improved in the CR arm compared with the UC arm (SMD: \u22120.31; 95% CI: \u22120.53, \u22120.09). The ICURs for the studies (4 RCTs and 1 model analysis) were as follows: \u221248,327.6 USD\/QALY; \u22125,193.8 USD\/QALY (dominant, CR is cheaper and more effective than UC); and 4,048.0 USD\/QALY, 17,209.4 USD\/QALY, and 26,888.7 USD\/QALY (&lt;50,000 USD\/QALY, CR is costlier but more effective than UC), respectively. Therefore, there were 2 dominant and 3 effective results.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. While there are some limitations, primarily regarding data sources, our results suggest that CR is potentially cost-effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1840894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T19:30:39Z","timestamp":1559676639000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cost-Effectiveness of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5987-9254","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Takura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3842-2578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nozomi","family":"Ebata-Kogure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 565-8565, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7120-2641","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Kohzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Nagayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo 183-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo 192-0032, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruyuki","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruki","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo 183-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"11","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation 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