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This review focuses on epigenetic changes involved in several ocular diseases, such as DNA methylation, histone and nonhistone post-translational modifications, and noncoding RNA regulators. Although changes in aberrant DNA methylation play a major role in the pathogenesis of most ocular diseases, histone modifications are seldom investigated. Hypermethylation in <jats:italic>TGM-2<\/jats:italic> and hypomethylation in <jats:italic>MMP-2\/CD24<\/jats:italic> promoter genes may play a crucial role in pterygium development; hypermethylation in regulatory regions of <jats:italic>GSTP1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>OGG1<\/jats:italic> genes appear to be diagnostic biomarkers of cataract; hypomethylation of TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>1 promoter may trigger glaucoma onset; hypermethylation of the <jats:italic>LOXL1<\/jats:italic> gene might be associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. A large panel of upregulated micro-RNAs (miRNAs), including hsa-hsa-miR-494, hsa-let-7e, hsa-miR-513-1, hsa-miR-513-2, hsa-miR-518c, hsa-miR-129-1, hsa-miR-129-2, hsa-miR-198, hsa-miR-492, hsa-miR-498, hsa-miR-320, hsa-miR-503, and hsa-miR-373,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow\/><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u2217<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math> may have a putative role in the development of retinoblastoma. Hypermethylation of H3K4 and hypomethylation of H3K27 at the <jats:italic>TGFBIp<\/jats:italic> locus are putative pathogenic mechanisms involved in corneal dystrophies. Determining how, where, and when specific epigenetic changes trigger ocular diseases may provide useful clinical biomarkers for their prevention, diagnosis, and management, as well as innovative drug targets. PF-04523655, a 19-nucleotide methylated double-stranded siRNA targeting the <jats:italic>RTP80<\/jats:italic> gene, showed a dose-related improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients affected by diabetic macular edema. The observed results support a clinical network-based research program aimed to clarify the role of epigenetic regulators in the development of ocular diseases and personalized therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2424956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T18:30:39Z","timestamp":1577125839000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Clinical Role of Epigenetics and Network Analysis in Eye Diseases: A Translational Science Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1578-7155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michele","family":"Lanza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Campania University Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuditta","family":"Benincasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. 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