{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:54:06Z","timestamp":1772999646709,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553558400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to atrophy, muscle weakness is a common occurrence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The majority of human studies are conducted on the <jats:italic>vastus lateralis<\/jats:italic> muscle\u2014a muscle with mixed fiber type\u2014but little comparative data between multiple muscles in either rodent or human models are available. The current study therefore assessed both muscle ultrastructure and selected redox indicators across various muscles in a model of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Only three muscles, the <jats:italic>gastrocnemius<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>extensor digitorum longus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>EDL<\/jats:italic>), and <jats:italic>soleus<\/jats:italic>, had lower muscle mass (38%, 27%, and 25% loss of muscle mass, respectively; all at least <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), while the <jats:italic>vastus lateralis<\/jats:italic> muscle mass was increased by 35% (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) in RA animals when compared to non-RA controls. However, all four muscles exhibited signs of deterioration indicative of rheumatoid cachexia. Cross-sectional area was similarly reduced in <jats:italic>gastrocnemius<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>EDL<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>soleus<\/jats:italic> (60%, 58%, and 64%, respectively; all <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), but <jats:italic>vastus lateralis<\/jats:italic> (22% smaller, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) was less affected, while collagen deposition was significantly increased in muscles. This pathology was associated with significant increases in tissue levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all muscles except the <jats:italic>vastus lateralis<\/jats:italic>, while only the <jats:italic>gastrocnemius<\/jats:italic> had significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and antioxidant activity (FRAP). Current data illustrates the differential responses of different skeletal muscles of the hindlimb to a chronic inflammatory challenge both in terms of redox changes and resistance to cachexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2484678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T19:34:22Z","timestamp":1553628862000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Redox Status and Muscle Pathology in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Insights from Various Rat Hindlimb Muscles"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"A. B.","family":"Oyenihi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ollewagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. H.","family":"Myburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. S. L.","family":"Powrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-9204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.07.023"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00237-1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.11.726"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.203356"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3894-z"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1215-7"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24907"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205007"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939578"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2005.07.011"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-015-0241-4"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2007.00661.x"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553009014552121"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23255"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00790.2012"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002086"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060505"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20268"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00211.2010"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2017.09.005"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974-015-9438-9"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.09.009"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-016-0492-x"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00342-6"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.005"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.09.005"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.12.001"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.02.017"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25546"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370213505961"}],"container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2019\/2484678.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2019\/2484678.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2019\/2484678.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T19:34:23Z","timestamp":1553628863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2019\/2484678\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["2484678","2484678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/2484678","relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-0900","1942-0994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-0900","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]}}}