{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:24:16Z","timestamp":1773307456158,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560988800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"INCT-Neuroimunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o"},{"name":"Rede Mineira de Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas"},{"name":"Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro"},{"name":"University of Uberaba"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>) is a highly prevalent bacterium in our environment, directly involved in various upper digestive tract diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Several molecules activating the immune system have been reported to be involved in containing <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. This study is aimed at analyzing the mRNA expression of the cytokines <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL-17<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL-10<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL-6<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL-22<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL-23<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>IL-33<\/jats:italic>; transcription factors <jats:italic>T-bet<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>RORC<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>FOXP3<\/jats:italic>; enzymes <jats:italic>ARG1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ARG2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>NOS2<\/jats:italic>; and neuropeptides <jats:italic>VIP<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TAC<\/jats:italic> and their respective receptors <jats:italic>VIPR1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TACR1<\/jats:italic> in the stomach lining of patients with severe digestive disorders. One hundred and twenty six patients have been evaluated, presenting with symptoms in the upper digestive tract, with the clinical indication for an Upper Digestive Endoscopy exam. Two fragments of the mucosa of the gastric body and antrum have been collected for anatomopathological examination and to analyze the expression of enzymes, cytokines, and transcription factors using qPCR. Expression of the <jats:italic>ARG1<\/jats:italic> gene was seen as significantly higher in the group of patients with chronic inactive gastritis than in the control group. Expression of the <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b2<\/jats:italic> gene and its <jats:italic>FOXP3<\/jats:italic> transcription factor was significantly higher in the group of chronic inactive gastritis patients than in the control. Expression of <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL-17<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL-10<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and the transcription factors, <jats:italic>T-bet<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>RORC<\/jats:italic>, in the presence or absence of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> showed no significant difference. However, the expression of <jats:italic>FOXP3<\/jats:italic> was significantly lower in <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-positive patients than that in <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-negative patients. ARG1 and Treg profile appeared to be modulating the inflammatory process, protecting patients from the tissue lesions with chronic inactive gastritis. Furthermore, we suggest that <jats:italic>IL-33<\/jats:italic> may be a crucial mediator of the immune response against an infection, after gastric mucosal damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2536781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T19:30:49Z","timestamp":1561059049000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Arginase-1 and Treg Profile Appear to Modulate Inflammatory Process in Patients with Chronic Gastritis: <i>IL-33<\/i> May Be the Alarm Cytokine in <i>H. pylori<\/i>-Positive Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Emerson Abdulmassih Wood","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia Maria 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