{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T23:33:56Z","timestamp":1784849636517,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547424000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>. We investigated the influence of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL-6, TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, IL-10, and TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> serum levels in failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients. The study will try to give new insights into the mechanism of SCS action and the role of IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> and other cytokines in neuropathic pain (NP) development. <jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Clinical and biochemical assessment was conducted in four groups of patients: <jats:italic>group 0<\/jats:italic> consisted of 24 FBSS patients qualified to SCS therapy, <jats:italic>group 1<\/jats:italic> included 17 patients who were one month after implantation, <jats:italic>group 2<\/jats:italic> featured 12 patients who were 3 months after the implantation, and <jats:italic>group C<\/jats:italic> (the control group) with no NP. Clinical status was assessed with the use of Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Pain Rating Index of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The plasma concentrations of IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> were ascertained by an immunoenzymatic method. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. We found a significant difference between the patients before SCS and controls\u2019 serum level of IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>. Similarly, a significantly higher level of TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and significantly lower level of IL-10 in FBSS patients than controls were observed. The significant differences were not observed between SCS patients 3 months after the procedure and controls\u2019 serum level of IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> and other cytokines. We noticed a positive correlation between IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> concentration with NRS back value before SCS and positive correlation between IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> concentration after SCS with NRS leg value before SCS. Higher IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> concentrations accompanied higher NRS values. Levels of TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and IL-10 may correlate with physical ability and depressive behavior. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. SCS did not influence serum cytokine levels significantly. Serum concentration of IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> may be recognized as an occasional pain factor because of its significantly higher level in FBSS patients versus controls and higher IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> value accompanying higher pain intensity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2606808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T18:37:58Z","timestamp":1547491078000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Elevated Serum Level of IFN-<i>\u03b3<\/i> in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Remains Unchanged after Spinal Cord Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kamieniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 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