{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T18:55:47Z","timestamp":1783968947312,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016M590234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M590234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LG201611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LG201611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-013-0-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-013-0-32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180551066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180551066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"General Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education","award":["2016M590234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M590234"]}]},{"name":"General Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education","award":["LG201611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LG201611"]}]},{"name":"General Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education","award":["18-013-0-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-013-0-32"]}]},{"name":"General Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education","award":["20180551066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180551066"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012841","name":"Shenyang Ligong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016M590234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M590234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012841","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012841","name":"Shenyang Ligong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LG201611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LG201611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012841","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012841","name":"Shenyang Ligong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-013-0-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-013-0-32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012841","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012841","name":"Shenyang Ligong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180551066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180551066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012841","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project of Applied Basic Research of Shenyang","award":["2016M590234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M590234"]}]},{"name":"Project of Applied Basic Research of Shenyang","award":["LG201611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LG201611"]}]},{"name":"Project of Applied Basic Research of Shenyang","award":["18-013-0-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-013-0-32"]}]},{"name":"Project of Applied Basic Research of Shenyang","award":["20180551066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180551066"]}]},{"name":"Distinguished Professor Project","award":["2016M590234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M590234"]}]},{"name":"Distinguished Professor Project","award":["LG201611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LG201611"]}]},{"name":"Distinguished Professor Project","award":["18-013-0-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-013-0-32"]}]},{"name":"Distinguished Professor Project","award":["20180551066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180551066"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Nature Science Foundation","award":["2016M590234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M590234"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Nature Science Foundation","award":["LG201611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LG201611"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Nature Science Foundation","award":["18-013-0-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-013-0-32"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Nature Science Foundation","award":["20180551066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180551066"]}]},{"name":"Program for Liaoning Distinguished Professor","award":["2016M590234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M590234"]}]},{"name":"Program for Liaoning Distinguished Professor","award":["LG201611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LG201611"]}]},{"name":"Program for Liaoning Distinguished Professor","award":["18-013-0-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-013-0-32"]}]},{"name":"Program for Liaoning Distinguished Professor","award":["20180551066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180551066"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Security and Communication Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With explosive growth of malware, Internet users face enormous threats from Cyberspace, known as \u201cfifth dimensional space.\u201d Meanwhile, the continuous sophisticated metamorphism of malware such as polymorphism and obfuscation makes it more difficult to detect malicious behavior. In the paper, based on the dynamic feature analysis of malware, a novel feature extraction method of hybrid gram (H-gram) with cross entropy of continuous overlapping subsequences is proposed, which implements semantic segmentation of a sequence of API calls or instructions. The experimental results show the H-gram method can distinguish malicious behaviors and is more effective than the fixed-length n-gram in all four performance indexes of the classification algorithms such as ID3, Random Forest, AdboostM1, and Bagging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2674684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T18:33:32Z","timestamp":1549305212000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Feature Extraction Method of Hybrid Gram for Malicious Behavior Based on Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2627-8276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuntao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China"},{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8632-7834","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongxin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ChunYu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2017.05.004"},{"key":"3","year":"2014"},{"key":"4","year":"2014"},{"key":"5","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1001.2012.03953","volume":"23","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Software"},{"key":"6","year":"2014"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2011.09.002"},{"key":"13","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computer Science"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11416-008-0082-4"},{"issue":"8","key":"9","first-page":"266","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computer Application And Software"},{"key":"18","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Security and Communication Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2019\/2674684.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2019\/2674684.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2019\/2674684.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T18:33:43Z","timestamp":1549305223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2019\/2674684\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["2674684","2674684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/2674684","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-0114","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-0122","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]}}}