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Our research group, which receives isolates from clinical laboratories since 2006, has detected, after 2016, a tendency of rising rates of azithromycin resistance, with isolates showing higher minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) than those previously reported in this country. In this study, we report the susceptibility to azithromycin of 93<jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>isolates obtained between 2014 and 2017. Strains with MIC \u22652<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL were characterized according to azithromycin resistance mechanisms and strain typing. Results indicate that azithromycin resistance has emerged in all these years in unrelated MLST-STs, but after 2016 a clonal complex connected with ST1901 has been more frequently detected, grouping isolates with MIC varying from 2 to 64<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL, with DelA mutations at the<jats:italic>mtrR<\/jats:italic>promoter region associated or not with mutations at<jats:italic>rrl<\/jats:italic>alleles. High rates of azithromycin resistance may compromise the use of this drug in the combined therapy with ceftriaxone. Inclusion of Rio de Janeiro in the Brazilian gonococcal surveillance program is important to evaluate if this data indicates an epidemiological phenomenon in the country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3180580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]],"date-time":"2019-01-20T23:31:04Z","timestamp":1548027064000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evidence for Clonally Associated Increasing Rates of Azithromycin Resistant<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"K\u00e9sia T.","family":"Barros dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa B.","family":"Skaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Livia H.","family":"Justo-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael C.","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo da S.","family":"Francisco Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Computa\u00e7\u00e3o Cient\u00edfica, Petr\u00f3polis, 26651-075, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina A.","family":"Canin\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DASA-Rua Xavier Pinheiro, 439, Parque Duque, 25085-007, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio E. 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