{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:05:18Z","timestamp":1771232718116,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577318400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81773972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis. Succinate is an inflammatory metabolic signal that exacerbates RA synovitis by activating succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) to amplify the release of IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>. Thus, inhibition of succinate activation of SUCRN1 could be an effective method to inhibit the inflammation of RA. Baihu Jia Guizhi decoction (BHGZ), which is composed of <jats:italic>Gypsum Fibrosum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anemarrhena asphodeloides<\/jats:italic> Bge., <jats:italic>Cinnamomum cassia<\/jats:italic> Presl., <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza uralensis<\/jats:italic> Fisch., and <jats:italic>Oryza sativa<\/jats:italic> L., is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescription used to treat RA in clinic. In addition, TCM believes that damp and heat environment is one of the causes of RA. In this study, we tested the role of damp and heat environments in exacerbating RA inflammation and the anti-inflammatory effect of BHGZ, based on succinate\/SUCNR1\/IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> pathway in the adjuvant arthritis (AA) model with damp and heat environment (AA\u2009+\u2009DHE). Results showed that paw swelling and synovial pathology were significantly increased in AA rats, and these results were aggravated by stimulation in damp and heat environment. BHGZ improved AA\u2009+\u2009DHE rats\u2019 paw swelling, synovial hyperplasia, and inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>. In addition, AA rats significantly increased the expression of SUCNR1, and the stimulation of damp and heat environment not only increased the expression of SUCNR1 but also promoted the accumulation of succinate. BHGZ simultaneously reduced the concentration of succinate and the expression of SUCNR1. Finally, SDH activity was decreased in AA rats and AA\u2009+\u2009DHE rats, while BHGZ increased SDH activity and then reduced succinate concentration. Therefore, we prove that damp and heat environment deteriorated the inflammation of RA which is the activation of succinate\/SUCNR1 pathway, while BHGZ regulates SDH activity to reduce the accumulation of succinate and inhibit the activation of SUCNR1 that is the underlying mechanism of its treatment of RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3258572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T18:30:39Z","timestamp":1577385039000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Baihu Jia Guizhi Decoction Improves Rheumatoid Arthritis Inflammation by Regulating Succinate\/SUCNR1 Metabolic Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6982-5743","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Material Medical Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Material Medical Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panwang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Material Medical Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8710-2816","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Material Medical Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7454-0873","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shijun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Material Medical Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1004965"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)31472-1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-018-0016-9"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4021-6"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.009"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9670434"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-018-3318-8"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132695"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097501"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160061"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0b013e32832a2e16"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2013.03.002"},{"issue":"8","key":"13","first-page":"1025","volume":"35","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"14","first-page":"332","volume":"42","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24193473"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4039472"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24101923"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2016.1225775"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2016.180"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23102631"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.08.011"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.03.004"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39608"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33425"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0b013e328337c95a"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1657"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2013.11.008"},{"key":"28","year":"1995"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.10.022"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.03.001"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.04.021"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.09.002"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.02.018"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.05.016"},{"issue":"10","key":"35","first-page":"8458","volume":"47","year":"2006","journal-title":"Singapore Medical Journal"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/581348"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0254-6272(13)60053-9"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.03.020"},{"issue":"11","key":"39","first-page":"1341","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.06.009"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406412666160307151904"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2019\/3258572.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2019\/3258572.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2019\/3258572.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T18:30:41Z","timestamp":1577385041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2019\/3258572\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["3258572","3258572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/3258572","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-427X","1741-4288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]]}}}