{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:55:54Z","timestamp":1790430954887,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553558400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007214","name":"Velux Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007214","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Z\u00fcrcher Stiftung f\u00fcr das H\u00f6ren"},{"name":"Fonds zur F\u00f6rderung des akademischen Nachwuchses (FAN) des Z\u00fcrcher Universit\u00e4tsvereins"},{"name":"University Research Priority Program \u201cDynamics of Healthy Aging\u201d of the University of Zurich"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Plasticity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>First attempts have demonstrated that the application of alpha\/delta neurofeedback in the treatment of chronic tinnitus leads to a reduction of symptoms at the group level. However, recent research also suggests that chronic tinnitus is a decidedly heterogeneous phenomenon, one that requires treatment of distinct subgroups or even on an individual level. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate an individually adjusted alpha\/delta neurofeedback protocol. Following previous studies, the delta band fixed between 3 and 4\u2009Hz was chosen as the frequency for inhibition. However, unlike the previous studies, the frequency range for the rewarded alpha band was not fixed between 8 and 12\u2009Hz but rather individually determined according to each patient\u2019s specific alpha peak frequency (IAF). Twenty-six chronic tinnitus patients participated in 15 weekly neurofeedback training sessions and extensive pre- and post-tests, as well as follow-up testing 3 and 6 months after training. The main outcome measures were tinnitus-related distress measured with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), tinnitus loudness, and pre- and post-training resting-state EEG activity in trained frequency bands. In Results, the neurofeedback protocol led to a significant reduction of tinnitus-related distress and tinnitus loudness. While distress remained on a low level even 6 months after the completion of training, loudness returned to baseline levels in the follow-up period. In addition, resting-state EEG activity showed an increase in the trained alpha\/delta ratio over the course of the training. This ratio increase was related to training-induced changes of tinnitus-related distress as measured with TQ, mainly due to increases in the alpha frequency range. In sum, this study confirms the alpha\/delta neurofeedback as a suitable option for the treatment of chronic tinnitus and represents a first step towards the development of individual neurofeedback protocols. This clinical trial was registered online at ClinicalTrials.gov (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02383147\">NCT02383147<\/jats:ext-link>) and kofam.ch (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.kofam.ch\/de\/studienportal\/suche\/44166\/studie\/408\">SNCTP000001313<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3540898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T19:42:07Z","timestamp":1553629327000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Investigating the Efficacy of an Individualized Alpha\/Delta Neurofeedback Protocol in the Treatment of Chronic 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