{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:31:53Z","timestamp":1787495513262,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575936000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP 16K09251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 16K09251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation for Atsuma Town","award":["JP 16K09251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 16K09251"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an important pathogenic anaerobic bacterium that causes aspiration pneumonia. This bacterium frequently forms biofilms in the oral cavity and in respiratory tract-associated medical devices. Bacterial colonization that occurs in association with this biofilm formation is the main reason for incurable aspiration pneumonia. The\n                    <jats:italic>Lonicera caerulea<\/jats:italic>\n                    var.\n                    <jats:italic>emphyllocalyx<\/jats:italic>\n                    (LCE) fruit has been used in folk medicine in Hokkaido, the northern part of Japan. The aim of this study was to elucidate one of the antimicrobial mechanisms of LCE methanol extract (LCEE)\u2014the inhibitory effect of LCEE on biofilm formation by\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our results show that LCEE significantly reduced biofilm formation by three different\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates in a concentration- and time-dependent manner that were quantified by the adsorption of safranin red. When LCEE was added to biofilms already formed by\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , LCEE did not degrade the biofilm. However, treatment with LCEE significantly promoted the removal of existing biofilm by vibration compared to that of control. We also confirmed biofilm formation in LCEE-treated\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in tracheal tubes using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G), one of the components of LCE, also inhibited the formation of biofilm by\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results reveal that LCEE may be an effective antibacterial substance for\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced aspiration pneumonia because of its role in the suppression of bacterial biofilm formation in the oral cavity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3547858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T18:30:57Z","timestamp":1576002657000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of\n                    <i>Lonicera caerulea<\/i>\n                    var.\n                    <i>emphyllocalyx<\/i>\n                    Fruit on Biofilm Formed by\n                    <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7651-9077","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masaaki","family":"Minami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Takase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mineo","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nakamura Pharmacy, 7-North5-1 Nango-Dori, Shiraishi-ku, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2524-8745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 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