{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:04:23Z","timestamp":1761663863581,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547424000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. Evaluation of using pigtail probe to detect and open severely stenosed lower lacrimal punctum followed by self-retaining bicanalicular intubation. <jats:italic>Study design<\/jats:italic>. A prospective nonrandomized clinical study. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The study included 24 patients with severe lower punctal stenosis (grade 0 according to Kashkouli scale) attending at Menoufia University Hospitals. The upper punctum and canaliculus were patent. All patients were complaining of epiphora and had a thorough ophthalmological examination including dye disappearance test and slit-lamp examination. Pigtail probe was used from patent upper punctum to detect the lower stenosed punctum which was opened with a scalpel. Syringing of the lower lacrimal passages was done to confirm its patency, and self-retaining silicone bicanalicular stent was inserted. The silicone tube was left in place for 6 months before it was removed. Patients were then followed-up for 1 year after the surgery. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. One year after surgery, epiphora was absent (grade 0) in 16 eyes (66.7%) and was present only occasionally (grade 1) in 4 eyes (16.7%). The difference from preoperative epiphora was statistically significant. One year after surgery, fluorescein dye disappearance time was grade 1 (&lt;3 minutes) in 20 cases (83.3%), and grade 2 (3\u20135 minutes) in 4 cases (16.7%). There was a statistically significant difference compared with preoperative results. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Using the pigtail probe is effective in treatment of severe punctal stenosis. Maintaining the punctal opening and prevention of restenosis can be achieved by using self-retaining bicanalicular stent after confirmation of nasolacrimal duct patency. This trial is registered with <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03731143\">NCT03731143<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3561857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T18:42:10Z","timestamp":1547491330000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Simple Surgical Approach for the Management of Acquired Severe Lower Punctal Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0137-1551","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sameh S.","family":"Mandour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Menoufia University, Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled 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