{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:08:28Z","timestamp":1789564108092,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566777600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Thyroid Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The current study aimed at assessing vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor polymorphism in hypothyroid Egyptian patients and its effect on hypothyroidism and thyroid morphology, also to find a causal relation between vitamin D and hypothyroidism.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This case-control study was conducted on 35 hypothyroid patients and 35 matched unrelated healthy controls. Total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and thyroid antibodies were measured using a human ELISA kit. Genotyping was performed by using real-time PCR. HOMA-IR was also calculated (fasting insulin in mIU\/L\u2009\u00d7\u2009fasting glucose in mg\/dL\/405). All subjects were assessed for thyroid morphology by thyroid ultrasonography.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Vitamin D level was lower in hypothyroid patients than in control subjects. Vitamin D was also inversely related to TSH, HOMA-IR, and levels of anti-TG and anti-TPO. VDR polymorphism (Fok1 and Apa1) had no relation to TSH or vitamin D levels in both patients and control groups. Low vitamin D levels were associated with increased thyroid vascularity and nodularity; furthermore, vitamin D was inversely proportional to thyroid gland volume. Correlation of HOMA-IR with the levels of both anti-TG and anti-TPO in the 70 subjects proved that HOMA-IR was positively correlated to both antibodies.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study confirmed the association of vitamin D deficiency with hypothyroidism, thyroid autoimmunity, increased volume, nodularity, and vascularity of thyroid gland in hypothyroid patients as well as increased HOMA-IR. It proved the association between HOMA-IR and thyroid autoimmunity. The study proved no association between VDR polymorphisms (Fok1 and Apa1) with either vitamin D levels or TSH levels.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3583250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T19:31:04Z","timestamp":1566847864000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Study of Vitamin D Level and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism in Hypothyroid Egyptian Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Hoda A.","family":"ElRawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Int Med Dep Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2722-0340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nashwa S.","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Int Med Dep Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2450-808X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naglaa M.","family":"ElSayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Int Med Dep Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Int Med Dep Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laila A.","family":"Rashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Med Biochemestry Dep Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai M.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Int Med Dep Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 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