{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T06:07:08Z","timestamp":1788588428531,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572393600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. The present study aims at evaluating the beneficial effect of <jats:italic>Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic> (NS) oil mouth rinse in the management of chemotherapy- (CT-) induced oral mucositis (OM) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Fifty-four AML patients were participated in this study and randomly allocated to either the test group or a control group. The patients of the test group received NS oil mouth rinse during 28-day CT, while the participants of the control group received a \u201cmagic mouthwash\u201d formula. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence and severity of CT-induced OM in terms of erythema and ulcer. The secondary outcomes were the pain severity score, swallowing function, and the salivary concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>). <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. NS oil mouth rinse attenuated the progression of CT-induced OM compared with the control formula (AUC\u2009=\u20095.9 vs. 38.4, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and significantly decreased the erythema and ulceration scores (AUC of total OMAS\u2009=\u200911.4 vs. 85.9, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) compared with the magic mouthwash formula. It also reduced the pain score and enabled all the participants of this group to consume normal food during treatment. It significantly decreased salivary IL-6 (AUC\u2009=\u20097376 vs. 16599, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), while the changes of TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> levels were not significant (AUC\u2009=\u2009676.9 vs. 885.2, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. NS oil mouth rinse is effective in attenuating the severity of CT-induced OM and improves the pain and swallowing function in AML patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3619357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T19:31:12Z","timestamp":1572463872000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<i>Nigella sativa<\/i> Oil Mouth Rinse Improves Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1909-417X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saad Abdulrahman","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazha Abdulah","family":"Mohammed Ameen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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