{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:09:58Z","timestamp":1785190198100,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,28]],"date-time":"2019-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556409600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scherr Family Fund","award":["UL1TR001079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001079"]}]},{"name":"Scherr Family Fund","award":["P30AR070254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR070254"]}]},{"name":"Joanne and Adam Rogers","award":["UL1TR001079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001079"]}]},{"name":"Joanne and Adam Rogers","award":["P30AR070254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR070254"]}]},{"name":"Camille Julia Morgan Arthritis Research and Education Fund","award":["UL1TR001079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001079"]}]},{"name":"Camille Julia Morgan Arthritis Research and Education Fund","award":["P30AR070254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR070254"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1TR001079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30AR070254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR070254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1TR001079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30AR070254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR070254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015629","name":"Jerome L. Greene Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1TR001079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015629","name":"Jerome L. Greene Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30AR070254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR070254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Clinician Scientist Award","award":["UL1TR001079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001079"]}]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Clinician Scientist Award","award":["P30AR070254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR070254"]}]},{"name":"Cupid Foundation Discovery Award","award":["UL1TR001079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001079"]}]},{"name":"Cupid Foundation Discovery Award","award":["P30AR070254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR070254"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease associated with immune dysregulation and increased risk of infections. The presence of autoantibodies and immunoglobulin abnormalities indicates B-cell and antibody-secreting cell (ASC) dysfunction. We hypothesize that soluble factors associated with B-cell and ASC activity are decreased in RA patients and that this is linked to higher susceptibility to infections.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Using the Johns Hopkins Arthritis Cohort and Biorepository, we contrasted serum protein levels of soluble factors involved in B-cell activation (CD40, CD40L) and B-cell\/ASC homing (CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13) or survival (BAFF, APRIL, TACI, and BCMA) in 10 healthy subjects and 23 adult RA patients (aged 24-65 years). We subdivided RA patients into those with (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>17<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and those without infections (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>6<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) within a 2-year period. In order to reduce the effect of RA treatment, we only included patients receiving methotrexate monotherapy or no RA treatments at baseline. Soluble serum protein levels of B-cell\/ASC factors were quantified by multiplex immunoassays.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. We identified that (1) serum levels of soluble BCMA, APRIL, CD40, and CD40L were significantly decreased in RA patients relative to healthy individuals; (2) serum soluble BCMA, predominantly released by ASC, correlated with serum concentrations of class-switched immunoglobulins, IgG and IgA; and (3) RA patients with a history of infections had significantly lower soluble BCMA levels compared with healthy donors and with RA patients without infections.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Our study using soluble factors linked to B-cell\/ASC activation and survival suggests that there is a paucity of ASC in a subset of RA patients and that this may be linked to altered antibody production and increased risk of infections. Further delineating the link between ASC and infection susceptibility in RA may optimize disease management and provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis that are susceptible to intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3658215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,28]],"date-time":"2019-04-28T23:31:12Z","timestamp":1556494272000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Soluble Markers of Antibody Secreting Cell Function as Predictors of Infection Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5494-5841","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen V.","family":"Desiderio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nae-Yuh","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Darrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Nino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0214-9178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michelle","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifton O.","family":"Bingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.02.006"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195310012491402"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780140119"},{"issue":"142","key":"5","first-page":"239","volume":"36","year":"1967","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.14.2.150"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780130204"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61704-9"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-014-0009-4"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4611"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(93)80073-O"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25034"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker417"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3795"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.06.016"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316643172"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3731"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.02.013"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4725"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-016-0597-6"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12011"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3804"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1996.tb00921.x"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2006.04.006"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.22"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031330"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8333"},{"issue":"4","key":"28","first-page":"335","volume":"5","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/681678"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1533-z"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1740"},{"issue":"1","key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/28.1.126","volume":"28","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.043"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40354"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2773"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740701286615"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25265"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.05.012"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2014.905630"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7679801"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3803"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193.7","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.196.Supp.193.7","volume":"196","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3154"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12873"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-015-8694-5"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204116"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000092"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.175"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060726"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780100308"}],"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2019\/3658215.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2019\/3658215.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2019\/3658215.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T04:12:34Z","timestamp":1694837554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2019\/3658215\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,28]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["3658215","3658215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/3658215","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-8861","2314-7156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-8861","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-7156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,28]]}}}