{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T20:00:23Z","timestamp":1777752023145,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549324800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic> Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection is most prevalent in developing countries. It is an etiological agent of peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Despite the development of different assays to confirm <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection, the diagnosis of infection is challenged by precision of the applied assay. Hence, the aim of this study was to understand the diagnostic accuracy of PCR and microscopy to detect the <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> in the gastric antrum biopsy specimen from gastric disorder patients. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A total of 52 patients with gastric disorders underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy. The <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection in gastric biopsies was identified after examination by microscopy and 23S rRNA specific PCR. The agreement between two test results were analysed by McNemar\u2019s test and Kappa coefficient. <jats:italic>Result<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was confirmed in 9 (17.30%) patients by both assays, 6.25% in antral gastritis, 22.22% in gastric ulcer, 100% in gastric ulcer with duodenitis, 50% in gastric ulcer with duodenal ulcer, and 33.33% in severe erosive duodenitis with antral gastritis. Out of nine <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection confirmed patients, 3 patients were confirmed by microscopy and 8 patients by PCR. In case of two patients, both microscopy and PCR assay confirmed the <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. The agreement between two test results was 86.54% and disagreed by 13.46% (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math> value\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. We found that PCR assay to detect <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> is more sensitive than microscopy. However, we advocate for the combination of both assays to increase the strength of diagnostic accuracy due to the absence of the gold standard assay for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3695307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T18:32:34Z","timestamp":1549391554000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Application of PCR and Microscopy to Detect <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> in Gastric Biopsy Specimen among Acid Peptic Disorders at Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Nayanum","family":"Pokhrel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basudha","family":"Khanal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keshav","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Subedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1186-2338","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Narayan Raj","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, B. P. 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