{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:23:06Z","timestamp":1773922986662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002456","name":"Chonnam National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-CURIMS-DR001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-CURIMS-DR001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002456","name":"Chonnam National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRI 17 035-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRI 17 035-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002456","name":"Chonnam National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-CURIMS-DR001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-CURIMS-DR001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002456","name":"Chonnam National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRI 17 035-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRI 17 035-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. The incidence of septic arthritis of the shoulder joint is increasing as the population ages. The prevalence of shoulder infection is also increasing because of the growing use of arthroscopy and expansion of procedures in the shoulder. However, cultures do not always identify all microorganisms, even in symptomatic patients. The incidence of negative cultures ranges from 0% to 25%. Few studies have reported clinical features and treatment outcomes of culture-negative shoulder infections. This cohort study addresses culture-negative shoulder joint infections in nonarthroplasty patients. This study aimed to compare clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with culture-negative results to those with culture-positive results. Our hypothesis was that culture-negative infections would have more favorable outcomes than culture-positive infections.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. We retrospectively reviewed data of 36 patients (17 culture-negative and 19 culture-positive) with shoulder infections between June 2004 and March 2015. The minimum follow-up duration was 1.2 years (mean, 5 \u00b1 3.8 years; range, 1.2-11 years). We assessed preoperative demographic data and characteristics, laboratory markers, imaging and functional scores, intraoperative findings, and postoperative findings of both groups.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Culture-negative patients (17\/36, 47.2%) had a significantly lower occurrence of repeated surgical debridement (culture-negative vs. culture-positive: 1.2 \u00b1 0.4 vs. 2.4 \u00b1 1.7,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.002) without osteomyelitis. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the presence of osteomyelitis [odds ratio (OR) = 9.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-91.8,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.04)] and the number of surgical debridements (OR = 5.3, 95% CI: 1.3-21.6,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.02) were significantly associated with culture-positive infections.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Culture-negative infections without osteomyelitis are less severe than culture-positive infections. Culture-negative infections can be controlled more easily and are not necessarily a negative prognostic factor for shoulder joint infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3756939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T23:34:44Z","timestamp":1550014484000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Shoulder Joint Infections with Negative Culture Results: Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Attia","family":"Abdou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Chonnam National University, College of Medicine, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University, College of Medicine, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of 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National University, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Kyun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chonnam National University, School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Mokpo Hankook Hospital, 483, Yeongsan-Ro, Mokpo City, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2404-090X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Myung-Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Chonnam National University, College of Medicine, Gwangju 61469, Republic of 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