{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:30:11Z","timestamp":1777678211515,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546473600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2017R1A2B4011760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1A2B4011760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012R1A1A2042165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012R1A1A2042165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2017R1A2B4011760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1A2B4011760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012R1A1A2042165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012R1A1A2042165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>. This study proposes a regression model for the phantomless Hounsfield units (HU) to bone mineral density (BMD) conversion including patient physical factors and analyzes the accuracy of the estimated BMD values. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The HU values, BMDs, circumferences of the body, and cross-sectional areas of bone were measured from 39 quantitative computed tomography images of L2 vertebrae and hips. Then, the phantomless HU-to-BMD conversion was derived using a multiple linear regression model. For the statistical analysis, the correlation between the estimated BMD values and the reference BMD values was evaluated using Pearson\u2019s correlation test. Voxelwise BMD and finite element analysis (FEA) results were analyzed in terms of root-mean-square error (RMSE) and strain energy density, respectively. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The HU values and circumferences were statistically significant (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) for the lumbar spine, whereas only the HU values were statistically significant (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) for the proximal femur. The BMD values estimated using the proposed HU-to-BMD conversion were significantly correlated with those measured using the reference phantom: Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficients of 0.998 and 0.984 for the lumbar spine and proximal femur, respectively. The RMSEs of the estimated BMD values for the lumbar spine and hip were 4.26 \u00b1 0.60 (mg\/cc) and 8.35 \u00b1 0.57 (mg\/cc), respectively. The errors of total strain energy were 1.06% and 0.91%, respectively. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. The proposed phantomless HU-to-BMD conversion demonstrates the potential of precisely estimating BMD values from CT images without the reference phantom and being utilized as a viable tool for FEA-based quantitative assessment using routine CT images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4102410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T18:31:42Z","timestamp":1546540302000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Patient-Specific Phantomless Estimation of Bone Mineral Density and Its Effects on Finite Element Analysis Results: A Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5602-391X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young Han","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of 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